Immunity - Capter 7 Flashcards
3 lines of defense
- Physical barrier (skin)
- Innate/ non -specific (cells)
- Specific immunity (white blood cells)
non specific immunity
General protection - tears and mucus
Specific immunity
Involves memory and the ability to respond to specific threats
Inherited vs acquired immunity
Through mother vs experience
Protein bodies critical to immunity
Anti-bodies and complements
Antibody - structure and purpose
Y shaped proteins with 3 binding regions Antigen specific tips Neutralize or collect enemy cells Promote phagocytes (clump and attract) Complement fixation
Complement fixation
When antigens attach to antibody expose complement -binding sites which activate complement proteins to form donut complex that kills invader.
Phagocytes
White blood cells
From bone marrow
neutrophils and monocytes
Macrophage
Monocytes increase in size and produce granules
Secrete substances that attract other wbc
Lymphocytes
Most numerous, produce antibodies
Circulate in body fluids
Two types - B and T
B cell
Type of lymphocyte, from bone marrow, containing antibodies, clones to form numerous immature b cells
When iB meets specific antigen, divides into plasma and memory
Plasma vs memory cell
Both activated B, plasma = cloned antibodies
Memory= stay in lymph nodes with antibodies
T cells
Lymphocytes
Develop in thymus, live in lymph nodes, specific antigen will activate: kill directly or attract macrophage
3 hypersensitivities
Allergy - sensitive to harmless environmental factors
Autoimmune - inappropriate response to self- antigens
Isoimmunity - reaction to baby or transplant antigens
Allergy - 3 main types
Food
Chemicals
Inhaled allergens