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UNIT 2 GI > Immunity and the GI Tract > Flashcards

Immunity and the GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

what are the most important antibodies in the gut

A

IgA

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2
Q

What is the bacteria that we learned about that is part of the enterobacteriace family that is pink on mconkey

A

e coli

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3
Q

are all enterobacteriace oxidase positive or negative

A

they are all oxidase negative

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4
Q

what are the 3 curved bacteria to think about that cause gasteroenteritis

A

vibrio cholera
helicobacter pyloric
camplyobacter jejuni

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5
Q

how many more bacteria does your body have than human cells

A

10 times as many microbes as human cells

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6
Q

what is a prebiotic

A

dietary fiber

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7
Q

what is a probiotic

A

helpful bacteria

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8
Q

what is the most important antibody in mucosal secretions

A

igA

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9
Q

What are the 2 kinds of malt

A

galt and balt

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10
Q

list some of the things that help to defend us against pathogens in the gi tract

A
  1. thick mucus
  2. iga
  3. antibiotic peptides aka defensins
  4. patheth cells that produce alpha defensins which poke holes in bacteria
  5. antigen sampling dendritic cells
  6. lymphoid follices
  7. microfold m cells
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11
Q

describe how m cells work

A

their main function is to transport substances from the lumen of the intesttines across the epithelial barrier,

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12
Q

can m cells process antigens

A

no , they just have a role in transport

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13
Q

what is located just below an m cell

A

phagocytic cells are located just below the m cell , they wait to see what the m cell delivers

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14
Q

how can salmonella use m cells to its advantage

A

salmonella takes advantage of m cells as a route of invasion through the mucosal barrier

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15
Q

name to bacteria that can take advantage of m cells

A

shigella and salmonella

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16
Q

the major form of adaptive immunity in the gut is …

A

dimeric secretory iga

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17
Q

Iga is secreted from what kind of cell

A

plasma cells

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18
Q

what is the function of dimeric Iga

A

it neutralizes microbes and toxin and reduces their mobility thereby preventing them from reaching the epithelial barrier

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19
Q

what are the 2 distinct forms of Iga

A

monomeric IgA in the serum

dimeric IgA in secretions

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20
Q

what kind of Iga is found in serum

A

monomeric IgA

21
Q

what kind of IgA is found in milk

A

dimeric IgA

22
Q

children who are breastfed have a lower incidence of what kind of infections and why

A

they have a lower incidence of respiratory infections due to iga that they are getting from thier mothers breast milk

23
Q

a j chain is located on the monomer or dimer

A

the secratory IgA is a dimer that contains a j chain

24
Q

most IgA is produced at …

A

mucosal sites

25
Q

does IgA activate complement

A

nope

26
Q

the most abundant antibody found in intestinal mucosal secretions

A

igA

27
Q

A person has recurrent respiratory infections and gi infections , what is the most likely cause

A

iga deficeincy

28
Q

rotovirus is part of what family

A

reoviridae

29
Q

symptoms of rotavirus

A

vomiting
diarrhea
fever

30
Q

a person gets the rotavirus vaccine, what kind of antibody did they produce

A

dimeric igA

31
Q

List the steps of class switching

A
  1. stem cell differentiates into b cell which rearranges the hc/lc genes while in the bone marrow
  2. b cells express IGM and IGD and they migrate through the blood in tothe galt and balt into peyers patches
32
Q

a person with hyper igM would be at increased risk for what kind of problems

A

they would be at increased risk for respiratory problems

33
Q

what 3 things are needed for a b cell to class switch

A

cd40 ligand , tgf-beta, and IL-5.

34
Q

mature b cells express what 3 cytokines

A

cd19 cd20 and cd21

35
Q

what are the 2 important cytokines for the class switching of b cells

A

tgf beta and il-5

36
Q

what does transcytosis refer to

A

dimeric igA crossing the epithelium

37
Q

how does transcytosis occur

A
  1. plasma cells synthesize the j chain
  2. the j chain forms polymers
  3. the mucosal epithelial cells express polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (plgR).
  4. The plgR is a transmembrane receptor translocate polymeric lgs across the epithelial barrier
38
Q

what happens in selective igA deficinency (slgAD)

A

B cells can not class switch to make igA

39
Q

what are the symptoms of slgAD?

A

The symptoms are variable ranging from no symptoms to recurrent infections and autoimmune disease

other symptoms:
recurrent sinopulmonary infections
autoimmune disorders
GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections
allergies 
anaphalactic transfusion rxns
40
Q

you give a pt blood and they immediatly go into anaphalactic shock, what may be going on

A

this means they likely have an igA deficiency

41
Q

what is a way to prevent selective igA deficincy

A

extra washing of RBC or platelet products

42
Q

what are 3 things that vaccines do

A

they develop:

  1. antibodies
  2. long lived effector cells
  3. memory cells
43
Q

most vaccines induce what kind of immunity

A

humoral immunity

44
Q

oral vaccines induces the produce what kind of antibody

A

iga

45
Q

what is the differnce between an attenuated vaccine and an inactived vaccine

A

attenuated vaccine is weakend and an inactivated vaccine is completely killed

46
Q

which creates a stronger immune response attenuated vaccine or a inactivated vaccine

A

attenuated is stronger there is a possibility that it could revert back

47
Q

describe the difference between sabin and salk vaccine.

what is the vaccine used for?

A 
sabin = live , makes igA
salk = killed, makes iGg

these vaccines are used for polio

48
Q

is the salk or sabin vaccine currently used

A

salk is used this is the killed one. it is injected subcutaneously and will start creating IgG, which means that there is poor mucosal immunity . there is very little viral neutralizing igA in the gut

49
Q

is the sabin vaccine live or killed

A

it is a live vaccine which is simlar to the fecal oral route that the polio naturally takes

UNIT 2 GI (14 decks)

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