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UNIT 2 GI > Dr. Smoot- Scheme Lecture > Flashcards

Dr. Smoot- Scheme Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing . Reported by 5-8 of the population over age 50 and by 16 of the elderly

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2
Q

odynophagia

A

pain on swallowing

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3
Q

globus

A

nonpainful sensation of a lump fullness or tightness in the throat of unknown origin .

Food transport is not impaird

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4
Q

xerostomia

A

dry mouth, its frequently accompanied by dysphagia

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5
Q

what happens during pulmonary aspiration

A

food goes into the trachea

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6
Q

where is the esophogus located in relation to the heart

A

it is posterior to the heart

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7
Q

what kind of muscle is located on the upper 1/3 of the esophugus

A

striated

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8
Q

what kind muscle is located in the lower 2/3 of the esophagus

A

smooth muscle

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9
Q

what is a esophogeal motility study

A

it allows us to measure motility in the esophagus

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10
Q

what is oropharengeal dysphagia

A

difficulty initiating swallow

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11
Q

what is esophageal dysphagia

A

food stop stick after swallowing is initiated

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12
Q

look at the esophageal dysphagia chart on slide 7

A

now

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13
Q

list 4 tests that we can use to evaluate dysphagia

A

radiography
endoscapy
esophagal manometry
barium esophagram

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14
Q

what kind of cells are found in the stomach and esophagus

A

stomach= columnar cell

esophagus =squamous cell

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15
Q

what happens to pressure as you go down the esophagus

A

pressure increases as you go down the esophagus

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16
Q

what is the funciton of an esophageal catheter

A

it measures the pressure of the fluid coming out of the catheter

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17
Q

where is zenkers diverticulum located

A

above the UES

18
Q

An esophageal web is known as a ….

A

structure

19
Q

spastic motility disorders are associated with

A

chest pain

20
Q

achalasia is associated with lack of relaxation of,,,

A

LES

21
Q

Breifly what happens in scleroderma

A

decrease in smooth muscle tone

22
Q

where is “schotskys ring” located?

A

lower esophageal sphincter

23
Q

feline esophagus is associated with what ?

A

esinophillinc esophagus

24
Q

why is eosinophillic esophagitis dangerous?

A

stiffining occurs, less relaxation therefore it is harder for food to pass down the esophagus

25
Q

what does gerd stand for?

A

gastroesophageal refulx disease

26
Q

how is gerd diagnosed?

A
  1. esophageal pH testing

2. bravo ph testing

27
Q

describe the pathophysiology of GERD

A

when acid is in the esophagus , normally the salivaorty reflex is initiated . This is because saliva has bicarb in it to help neutralize the acid.

But when you have gerd you might become less sensitive to the acid and not stimulate the reflex as much

28
Q

list 6 things that could happen due to GERD

A
  1. Decreased salivation
  2. impaired acid clearance
  3. imparied tissue resistance
  4. transient LES relaxation
  5. decreasing resting tone of the LES
  6. delayed gastric emptying
29
Q

list 4 factors that decreased LES pressure

A

hormones
nerual
medication
food

30
Q

how can an afterdinner mint be harmful

A

mint and chocolate help to relax the intestines so that you dont feel as full . But the problem is that it can also relax the lower esophageal spinctor causing acid to reflux into the esophagus

31
Q

what is the primary way to diagnose gerd

A

endoscopy

32
Q

does everyone that has gerd develop esophagitis

A

no. some swallow and have more bicarb clearing the acid , others are less senstive to the acid until its too late

33
Q

what are the 5 complications of GERD

A
  1. erosive esophagitis
  2. barretts esophagus
  3. peptic structure
  4. esophageal adenocarcinoma
  5. hoarse voice
34
Q

what happens during barretts esophagitis

A

columnary epithelium comes inot the esophagus

35
Q

is barretts associated adenocarcinoma associated with long or short segments

A

its more associated iwth long segements

36
Q

what happens during achalasia

A

inadequate relaxation and loss of esophageal peristalsis

37
Q

what clincial feature is associated with achalasia

A

birds beak

38
Q

what does scleroderma cause

A

causes a lack of motility

39
Q

is diffuses esophageal spasm associated with one area or several areas of the esophagus

A

several

40
Q

is nutcracker esophagus associated with one or several areas of the esophagus

A

one area

UNIT 2 GI (14 decks)

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