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UNIT 2 GI > GI Bleed > Flashcards

GI Bleed Flashcards

1
Q

Hematemesis

A

red blood coffee grounds

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2
Q

melena

A

black stool

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3
Q

hematochezia

A

red blood in stool

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4
Q

occult blood

A

in stool

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5
Q

what has the highest risk of bleeding

A

NSAID

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6
Q

what are some things to look for on a physical exam for GI bleed

A 
rectal exam
scars
pigmented lip lesions
liver lesions
changes in heart rate or bp
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7
Q

major tests for GI bleed

A

endoscopy
radionucleotide imaging
angiograph
barium studies

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8
Q

what are 3 things to consider for an upper gi bleed

A

hematemisis
melena
hematocheizia

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9
Q

what are 2 things to consider for alower gi bleed

A

hematochezia

melena

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10
Q

what is the death rate for a GI bleed

A

8-10%

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11
Q

what is the most common reason for an upper GI bleed

A

peptic ulcer disease

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12
Q

how are duodenal ulcers treated

A

epinephrine and thermal therapy

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13
Q

what are 4 things a person can do to prevent the recurrance of ulcers that bleed

A

eradicate H pylori
maintain acid reduction therapy
avoid NSAID
surgery

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14
Q

how is portal htn related to bleeding

A

they can have esophageal varacies

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15
Q

how are esophhagela varacies treated

A

octreotide

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16
Q

how are varacires diagnosed

A

varceial ligation, variceal sceltotherapy

17
Q

what is a tool that is used to help stop vleeding varacies

A

endoscopic ligation. Bleeding is controlled in 90% , the rebleeding rate is reduced to 30%.

18
Q

what are some “other” causes of bleeding

A

severe esophagitis

vascular ectasia

19
Q

blood acts like a strong….. in the stomach

A

blood acts like a strong laxative in the gi tract which means that it increases gi motility

20
Q

a lower gi bleed can present in a similar manner to …

A

bloody diarheea

21
Q

a person has more than 10 bowel movements per day for several days and the person has mild anemia without a need for a transfusion is this ulcerative colitis or bloody diarhhea

A

bloody diarhhea

22
Q

a person has 2-3 bloody or black bowel movements in one day and the person needs to be transfused is his ulcerative colitis or gi bleeding

A

gi bleeding

23
Q

what is the most common reason for a lower gi bleed

A

divertulitis

24
Q

what is the second most common cause of a lower gi bleed

A

antiodysplasia

25
Q

what are 2 things causing perianal bleeding

A

hemorrhoids

fissures

26
Q

what are 3 major causes of occult blood in stool

A

intermittent bleeding form intestinal angiodysplasia
NSAID use
pts on hemodialysis

27
Q

what is the most significant reason to evaluate a patient iwth occult blood in stool

A

colon cancer

28
Q

what kind of bleeding is this: gi bleedin manifest as visible bright red or alterd blood emesis or faces

A

overt bleeding

29
Q

what kind of bleeding is this: intial presentation of iron deficincey anemia and or positive FOBT , no visible blood in faeces

A

occult bleeding

30
Q

what kind of bleeding is this: recurrent or persistent IDA, positive FOBT or visible bleeding with no bleeding source found at original endoscopy

A

obscure bleeding

31
Q

is colon cancer painful

A

no

32
Q

how do pts with colon cancer present

A

anemia , weight loss , and loss of appetitie

33
Q

a pt has colon cancer and has blood in the stool what 2 regions is the blood likely located

A

likely in the rectal and sigmoid colon

34
Q

what are 2 risk factors for colon cancer

A

family history, diet high in red meat

35
Q

are vegetarians at high risk for colon cancer

A

yes, because most cases happen in people that are at avg risk

36
Q

in colon cancer where are larger tumors likely to be found

A

larger tumors are more likely to be found in the RIGHT colon . This is because stool is liquid in the right colon and tumors are able to grow for a longer period of time before causing symptoms . Therefore patients most likely have a tumors and anemia when found found in the right colon

37
Q

where is solid stool likely found

A

in the left colon

38
Q

in which side of the colon is a person more likely to develop an and obstruction and constipation

A

stool is solid in the left colon. Therefore a perosn is more likely to develop obstruction and constipation .

39
Q

What are 6 common causes for lower GI bleeding originating from the small bowel

A 
1. vascular ectasisa
2 NSAID 
3. tumors
4. chrons disease
5. infections
6. meckels diverticulum

UNIT 2 GI (14 decks)

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