immunity and disease Flashcards
what is immunity
the state or quality of being resistant to a particular infectious disease
or pathogen
define immune system
a system recognising self from non self
what is a pathogen
a harmful microbe or an agent that causes an infectious disease
define disease
signs and symptoms leading to disruptions of normal functions
what are the two types of diseases
transmissible and non transmissible
name examples of bacterial, viral and fungal diseases
bacterial- salmonella or lyme disease
viral- influenza or chicken pox
fungal- yeast infections or athletes foot
name two types of transmissible disease
infections disease or hereditary disease
name two types of non transmissible diseases
nutritional disease or degenerative disease
how can disease be directly transmitted
through blood or bodily fluids
how can disease by indirectly transmitted
through contaminated surfaces
through animals
through air transmission
through contaminated food/drink
what is the structure of a virus
consists of a protein coat surrounding genetic material (DNA or RNA)
describe the reproductive cycle of a virus
1-the virus attaches itself to the surface of the host hell
2-the virus’s DNA enters the host cell
3-the viral DNA induces the host cell to produce multiple copies of the virus
4-the host cell bursts to release new viruses
what is an antigen
an antigen is an agent that is capable of stimulating an immune response
how do allergies work
allergies arise if the body’s immune system overreacts to certain foreign substances that are normally harmless
what are the 3 types of immunity
innate immunity
adaptive immunity
acquired immunity
name 4 examples of innate immunity
the skin
stomach PH
mucus
phagocytes
give two examples acquired immunity
antibodies in breastmilk and vaccination
explain the adaptive immunity
when the adaptive immune system first encounters a new antigen, it produces antibodies and the presence of memory cells in the blood
what are vaccines
an agent that resembles a disease causing microbe, or parts of it
what are 3 ways to recover from disease
rest, increased liquid intake, time to allow immune system to work
how do antibiotics kill/ damage bacteria
when an antibiotic molecule sticks to its target , it disables or destroys important structures in the bacterium. If enough of the antibiotic is present, the bacterial cell is crippled and either stops growing or dies
how does bacterial resistance happen
if there is a group of bacteria, some will be mutated to be resistant. Antibiotics destroy bacteria that are not resistant. Resistant pathogens survive and reproduce- therefore the population of the resistant bacteria increases.
