immunity and disease

Question 1

what is immunity

Answer 1

the state or quality of being resistant to a particular infectious disease
or pathogen

Question 2

define immune system

Answer 2

a system recognising self from non self

Question 3

what is a pathogen

Answer 3

a harmful microbe or an agent that causes an infectious disease

Question 4

define disease

Answer 4

signs and symptoms leading to disruptions of normal functions

Question 5

what are the two types of diseases

Answer 5

transmissible and non transmissible

Question 6

name examples of bacterial, viral and fungal diseases

Answer 6

bacterial- salmonella or lyme disease
viral- influenza or chicken pox
fungal- yeast infections or athletes foot

Question 7

name two types of transmissible disease

Answer 7

infections disease or hereditary disease

Question 8

name two types of non transmissible diseases

Answer 8

nutritional disease or degenerative disease

Question 9

how can disease be directly transmitted

Answer 9

through blood or bodily fluids

Question 10

how can disease by indirectly transmitted

Answer 10

through contaminated surfaces
through animals
through air transmission
through contaminated food/drink

Question 11

what is the structure of a virus

Answer 11

consists of a protein coat surrounding genetic material (DNA or RNA)

Question 12

describe the reproductive cycle of a virus

Answer 12

1-the virus attaches itself to the surface of the host hell
2-the virus’s DNA enters the host cell
3-the viral DNA induces the host cell to produce multiple copies of the virus
4-the host cell bursts to release new viruses

Question 13

what is an antigen

Answer 13

an antigen is an agent that is capable of stimulating an immune response

Question 14

how do allergies work

Answer 14

allergies arise if the body’s immune system overreacts to certain foreign substances that are normally harmless

Question 15

what are the 3 types of immunity

Answer 15

innate immunity
adaptive immunity
acquired immunity

Question 16

name 4 examples of innate immunity

Answer 16

the skin
stomach PH
mucus
phagocytes

Question 17

give two examples acquired immunity

Answer 17

antibodies in breastmilk and vaccination

Question 18

explain the adaptive immunity

Answer 18

when the adaptive immune system first encounters a new antigen, it produces antibodies and the presence of memory cells in the blood

Question 19

what are vaccines

Answer 19

an agent that resembles a disease causing microbe, or parts of it

Question 20

what are 3 ways to recover from disease

Answer 20

rest, increased liquid intake, time to allow immune system to work

Question 21

how do antibiotics kill/ damage bacteria

Answer 21

when an antibiotic molecule sticks to its target , it disables or destroys important structures in the bacterium. If enough of the antibiotic is present, the bacterial cell is crippled and either stops growing or dies

Question 22

how does bacterial resistance happen

Answer 22

if there is a group of bacteria, some will be mutated to be resistant. Antibiotics destroy bacteria that are not resistant. Resistant pathogens survive and reproduce- therefore the population of the resistant bacteria increases.