human reproduction Flashcards
what are the adaptations of sperm cells
-has a flagellum to swim to the egg
-contains enzymes in the acrosome to digest through the zona pellucida
-has a mid piece containing many mitochondria for energy to move
what are some adaptations of egg cells
-cytoplasm containing a store of energy for initial development of embryo
-zona pellucida changes after fertilisation to prevent sperm entering
what are sexual characteristics that develop in puberty for MALES
-testicles and penis enlarge
- testicles start to produce sperm
-facial and pubic hair growth
-voice deepens
-skin becomes oily and may develop acne
what are some sexual characteristics that develop in puberty for FEMALES
-ovaries, vagina and uterus enlarge
-ovaries start maturing and releasing egg
-menstruation begins
-pubic hair growth
-breasts grow and hips broaden
-skin becomes oily and may lead to acne
what are the functions of testosterone
-the development of male secondary sexual characteristics
-increase protein synthesis in muscles which increase muscle mass in males
what is the function of the seminal vesicle
Adds fluid to sperm in sperm duct
what is the function of the prostate gland
adds fluid to sperm as they pass through it
what is the function of the urethra
carries semen and urine out of penis
what is the function of the sperm duct
carrie’s sperm from the testes to the penis
what is the function of the epididymis
stores sperm created by testes
what are the testes
produce sperm and testosterone
what is copulation
the first stage of human reproduction, when the male inserts the erect penis into the females vagina and ejaculates semen
what is fertilisation
the 2nd stage of human reproduction, when the sperm swim through the cervix and into the uterus with their flagellum. Upon entering the fallopian tube, they meet an ovum (egg)
what is implantation
the 3rd stage of human reproduction. When the ovum is fertilised, it begins to divide until a ball of cells are formed, creating an embryo. It travels down into the uterus where it sinks into the lining
what is gestation
the 4th stage of human reproduction, lasts about 40 weeks. The embryo becomes a baby and forms a link between the foetus and the mother in this stage. This link is called the umbilical cord and provides the baby with all its supplements and substances for growth through the placenta (an organ)
