homeostasis Flashcards
what is homeostasis
the maintenance of a constant internal state by organisms
what are some factors that homeostasis keeps constant
blood glucose level
blood Co2 concentration
concentration of water and salts
body temperature
what are ectotherms
an animal that is unable to regulate body temperature. Their body temperature varies with the temperature of the environment
what are endotherms
animals that are able to internally regulate body temperature- their body temperature is independent of the temperature in the environment
what are some examples of ectotherms
fish, amphibians, reptiles
what are some examples of endotherms
birds and mammals
how do ectotherms regulate body temperature
-bathing in sun to warm up
- seeking shade to cool down
- finding shelter
- huddling together
how do endotherms regulate body temperature
-evaporative cooling as heat is absorbed to cool down- like dogs panting
-heat transfer eg: sweating
-shivering- muscle activity that generates heat
-hair/fur erection and relaxation as the hair traps fur as insulation
-vasodilation/ constriction- contracting or redirecting blood to manage heat
what is osmoregulation
the process by which an organism controls water and salt concentrations in order to maintain a constant osmotic pressure in the body or cell
how do Amoeba stop excess water from entering the cell by osmosis
they have a contractile vacuole that move to the edge of the cell and expel water
what are the two main functions of kidneys
extraction (to decrease blood toxicity)
osmoregulation (to maintain a constant osmotic pressure)
name the steps of the formation of urine
1) ultrafiltration
2) selective reabsorbtion
3) more absorption
how does a dialysis machine work
as the patients blood passes through the tubes, the substances diffuse through the membrane down their concentration gradients into the dialysis fluid. Waste substances diffuse from the blood into the dialysis fluid. Useful substances like glucose/amino acids do not pass into the dialysis fluid and proteins/blood are too large to pass through.
