enzymes Flashcards
what are enzymes
biological catalysts that speed up the rate of reactions without being used up or destroyed
what are the two types of enzyme reactions
anabolic (making larger molecules from smaller ones)
catabolic (breaking down large molecules into smaller ones)
what is a substrate (reactant)
molecules upon which an enzyme acts
what is an active site
a region on the surface of an enzyme whose shape permits binding only of a specific molecular substrate
what is a product
a substance made by the reaction
what are some properties of enzymes
-always proteins
-they are specific
-they function in narrow temperature range
-they are sensitive to ph
what do the the enzymes and substrates have
a complimentary bond
what is the optimum temperature
the temperature at which the enzyme works at fastest
why does temperature speed up enzyme reactions
the higher temperature, the more kinetic energy, causing more collisions there for more reactions
what does denatured mean
the enzyme molecule and active site permanently change shape
what’s the optimum PH
the PH at which the enzyme works fastest or best
name 3 uses of enzymes in industry
-biological washing powder
-baby food
-fruit juice
how are enzymes used in biological washing powder
enzymes can help break down substances which can stain clothes from animal or plants like egg stains
how are enzymes used in biological washing powder
enzymes can help break down substances which can stain clothes from animal or plants like egg stains
how are enzymes used to create fruit juice
fruit juices are extracted using an enzyme called pectinase. Pectin is a substance that helps plants stick together, so when broken down, it is easier to squeeze juice out
