digestion

Question 1

name 5 types of nutrition

Answer 1

-autotrophic
-heterotrophic
-saprophytic
-holozoic
-parasitic

Question 2

what type of nutrition do humans use

Answer 2

holozoic

Question 3

what are the 5 steps of nutrition in humans

Answer 3

1. ingestion
2. digestion
3. absorption
4. assimilation
5. egestion

Question 4

what are the two types of digestion

Answer 4

physical and chemical

Question 5

what is the alimentary canal

Answer 5

the place where all the steps of holozoic nutrition occur

Question 6

what is the inside of the alimentary canal lined with

Answer 6

epithelium

Question 7

what are the functions of epithelium

Answer 7

-new cells produced to replace work away cells
-some cells produce mucus to protect the lining of the canal
-some digestive enzymes are produced by the epithelium

Question 8

what is peristalsis

Answer 8

a wave of contractions pushing food forwards in the alimentary canal

Question 9

what are the functions of saliva

Answer 9

1- lubricates the food for swallowing
2- contains the enzyme salivary amylase
3- dissolves soluble food

Question 10

how does physical and chemical digestion take place in the mouth

Answer 10

physical- chewing using jaw, teeth and tongue. Makes food pieces smaller

chemical- of starch by salivary glands to maltose

Question 11

what are the main functions of the stomach

Answer 11

-stores food to prevent the digestive system from being overloaded
-churns food as a form of physical digestion
-digests protein

Question 12

what are the two parts of the small intestine

Answer 12

doudenum and ileum

Question 13

what is the doudenum

Answer 13

the first small bit of the small intestine, main function is digestion

Question 14

where does the duodenum receive fluid from

Answer 14

the liver and pancreas

Question 15

what does the liver contain

Answer 15

liver contains a green fluid called bile which contains
-sodium bicarbonate to neutralise the stomach acid and create an optimum Ph for enzymes in duodenum
-bile salts to emulsify fats making enzyme breakdown more efficient

Question 16

what does the pancreas juice that flows down to the duodenum contain

Answer 16

-sodium bicarbonate that neutralises the stomach acid to create an optimum ph for enzymes in the duodenum
-pancreatic enzymes which break down many substances

Question 17

what is the ileum

Answer 17

the second part of the small intestine, where digestion is completed and absorption occurs

Question 18

how is the structure of the wall of the ileum suited for absorption

Answer 18

-long and presents large absorbing surface to the digested food
-thin so fluids can pass rapidly
-dense network of capillaries
-large surface area to volume ratio as it is covered with villi

Question 19

how does absorption in the villi take place

Answer 19

-amino acids and sugars pass into capillaries to be taken away by the blood to be sent to the liver
-digested fats go in here and are taken away into lymphatic system

Question 20

what is the large intestine made up of

Answer 20

caecum, appendix , colon , rectum

Question 21

what do the caecum and appendix do

Answer 21

they contain bacteria which digest cellulose

Question 22

what are the functions of the colon

Answer 22

the colon absorbs water and stored faeces