Immunity and Abnormal Responses Flashcards
What protects the body?
Humoral (antibodies)
Cell-mediated (lymphocytes programmed to attack “non-self”)
Antigens
Stimulated immune response by producing corresponding antibodies
Types of Antigens
Foreign-invading
MCH self-marker proteins
MHC
Present on all cells
Prevent body from killing its own cells
Used to provide match for tissue transplants
Bone marrow
Origination and maturation of immune cells
Thymus
Maturation of immune cells
Immune cells
Lymphocytes and macrophages
T Lymphocytes
Originate in bone marrow and mature in thymus
Participate in cell-mediated immunity
How T Lymphocytes work
Recognize antigens on surface of target cells and destroy those cells
How is a loss of T Lymphocytes detrimental?
Loss of helper T cells would be severe, because they stimulate the rest of the cells
B Lymphocytes
Originate and mature in bone marrow
Become antibody producing with help of T Cells
Primary Exposure (Immune Response)
Antigen is processed and antibody is developed
T lymphocytes are sensitized
Secondary Exposure (Immune Response)
Rapid response of antigen because member B lymphocytes recognize it
Prototype antibodies made an ready to reproduce
Active Natural (Acquired Immunity)
Natural exposure to antigen
Active Artificial (Acquired Immunity)
Antigen is purposefully introduced into body
Passive Natural (Acquired Immunity)
IgG or IgM transferred from mother to fetus
Passive Artificial (Acquired Immunity)
Injection of antibodies
Short-term protection
Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction
Allergic reaction
Type II Hypersensitivity Reaction
Antibody mediated - antigen is present on cell membrane
Complement is activated, antigen carrying cells are destroyed
Type I Example
Can cause anaphylaxis
Type II Example
Incompatible blood transfusion
Type III Hypersensitivity Reaction
Immune complex mediated - antigen combines with antibody forming an immune complex
Complex binds to complement which attracts cells that cause destruction and vasodilation
Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction
Cell-mediated/delayed - delayed response to sensitized T lymphocytes, inflammatory response, and destruction of antigens
Type IV Example
Contact dermatitis
Latex
TB skin test
Autoimmune Disorder
Development of antibodies agains one’s own cells
AIDS
Caused by HIV
HIV destroys CD4 helper T lymphocytes
Loss of immune response
Increased susceptibility
Memory T Cells
Remember antigen
Helper T Cells
Activate and regulate all cells in immune system
Cytotoxic T Cells
Destroy cells
MHC Class I
Present in all nucleated cells
Process and present antigen located inside cell
MHC Class II
Present on macrophages and some other immune cells
Process and present exogenous antigens
