Immunity and Abnormal Responses

Question 1

What protects the body?

Answer 1

Humoral (antibodies)

Cell-mediated (lymphocytes programmed to attack “non-self”)

Question 2

Antigens

Answer 2

Stimulated immune response by producing corresponding antibodies

Question 3

Types of Antigens

Answer 3

Foreign-invading

MCH self-marker proteins

Question 4

MHC

Answer 4

Present on all cells
Prevent body from killing its own cells
Used to provide match for tissue transplants

Question 5

Bone marrow

Answer 5

Origination and maturation of immune cells

Question 6

Thymus

Answer 6

Maturation of immune cells

Question 7

Immune cells

Answer 7

Lymphocytes and macrophages

Question 8

T Lymphocytes

Answer 8

Originate in bone marrow and mature in thymus

Participate in cell-mediated immunity

Question 9

How T Lymphocytes work

Answer 9

Recognize antigens on surface of target cells and destroy those cells

Question 10

How is a loss of T Lymphocytes detrimental?

Answer 10

Loss of helper T cells would be severe, because they stimulate the rest of the cells

Question 11

B Lymphocytes

Answer 11

Originate and mature in bone marrow

Become antibody producing with help of T Cells

Question 12

Primary Exposure (Immune Response)

Answer 12

Antigen is processed and antibody is developed

T lymphocytes are sensitized

Question 13

Secondary Exposure (Immune Response)

Answer 13

Rapid response of antigen because member B lymphocytes recognize it
Prototype antibodies made an ready to reproduce

Question 14

Active Natural (Acquired Immunity)

Answer 14

Natural exposure to antigen

Question 15

Active Artificial (Acquired Immunity)

Answer 15

Antigen is purposefully introduced into body

Question 16

Passive Natural (Acquired Immunity)

Answer 16

IgG or IgM transferred from mother to fetus

Question 17

Passive Artificial (Acquired Immunity)

Answer 17

Injection of antibodies

Short-term protection

Question 18

Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction

Answer 18

Allergic reaction

Question 19

Type II Hypersensitivity Reaction

Answer 19

Antibody mediated - antigen is present on cell membrane

Complement is activated, antigen carrying cells are destroyed

Question 20

Type I Example

Answer 20

Can cause anaphylaxis

Question 21

Type II Example

Answer 21

Incompatible blood transfusion

Question 22

Type III Hypersensitivity Reaction

Answer 22

Immune complex mediated - antigen combines with antibody forming an immune complex
Complex binds to complement which attracts cells that cause destruction and vasodilation

Question 23

Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction

Answer 23

Cell-mediated/delayed - delayed response to sensitized T lymphocytes, inflammatory response, and destruction of antigens

Question 24

Type IV Example

Answer 24

Contact dermatitis
Latex
TB skin test

Question 25

Autoimmune Disorder

Answer 25

Development of antibodies agains one’s own cells

Question 26

AIDS

Answer 26

Caused by HIV
HIV destroys CD4 helper T lymphocytes
Loss of immune response
Increased susceptibility

Question 27

Memory T Cells

Answer 27

Remember antigen

Question 28

Helper T Cells

Answer 28

Activate and regulate all cells in immune system

Question 29

Cytotoxic T Cells

Answer 29

Destroy cells

Question 30

MHC Class I

Answer 30

Present in all nucleated cells

Process and present antigen located inside cell

Question 31

MHC Class II

Answer 31

Present on macrophages and some other immune cells

Process and present exogenous antigens