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Physiology > Immunity > Flashcards

Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

non specific defense (innate)

A

consists of first line of defense skin, mucous membranes, secretions

the second line of defense phagocytic white blood cells, antimicrobial proteins, the inflammatory response

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2
Q

specific defense (adaptive)

A

the third line of defense lymphocytes, antibodies

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3
Q

functions of the immune system

A

defending against pathogens, removing worn out damaged cells, preparing for wound healing, immune surveillance

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4
Q

immune surveillance

A

the identification and destroying of abnormal cells that have originated in the body

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5
Q

inflammation

A

innate defense, first line, non-specific response to pathogen or tissue damage comma mediated by phagocytes

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6
Q

how does inflammation work?

A

stimulated by bacterial Invasion or tissue damage, release of histamine by mast cells, vasodilation and increased local capillary permeability, increased blood delivery, increase in plasma proteins clotting factors and phagocytes, defense against pathogen and tissue repair

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7
Q

signs of inflammation

A

redness (rubor), heat(calor), swelling(edema), pain,(dolor), sometimes loss of function

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8
Q

interferon

A

if a cell is infected by a virus, the cell will release interferon as a warning to other cells, prevents virus from multiplying

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9
Q

natural killer cells

A

lyce and Destroy viral infected cells and cancer cells

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10
Q

complement system

A

lyces the membrane of the pathogen and enhances inflammation

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11
Q

membrane attack complex

A

attacks the membrane of pathogen and forms a hole, made from c5b, C6, C7, C8, and C9.

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12
Q

C3 convertase

A

splits C3 in two parts A and B

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13
Q

c3a

A

enhances inflammation

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14
Q

c3b

A

coats things with opsonin to mark them as trash and notify phagocytes to engulf

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15
Q

opsonin

A

used in opsonization, Marc’s things as trash for phagocytosis

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16
Q

c-5a

A

enhances inflammation

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17
Q

C5b

A

forms the MAC

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18
Q

adaptive immunity

A

specific, antibody mediated immunity

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19
Q

antibody mediated immunity

A

production of antibodies by B lymphocytes, B cells make plasma cells, plasma cells make antibodies, some B cells become memory cells

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20
Q

antibodies

A

antigen binding sites on the tip of each arm determine what kind of antigen the antibody can bind to. V arms of the antibody are variable, C arms of the antibody are constant

21
Q

outcomes of antigen binding to antibody

A

neutralization, agglutination, intensifying innate immune response, notifying natural killer cells

22
Q

IgG

A

eighty-two 85% of antibodies, most common comma crosses placenta and can give immunity to fetus comma will decrease over time so newborn has to make its own, in secondary immune response

23
Q

IgA

A

mucosal areas, saliva, tears, breast milk

24
Q

IgD

A

an antigen receptor on the B cells , activates basophils and mast cells

25
Q

IgE

A

allergies, parasitic infections

26
Q

IgM

A

eliminates infection in early stages before there is sufficient IgG, in primary immune response

27
Q

primary immune response

A

occurs during the first-ever contact with a microbial antigen, antibody response is delayed for several days until plasma cells are formed comma reaches a peak in a couple of weeks, memory cells are produced

28
Q

secondary response

A

when the same antigen appears again, memory cells produce rapid more potent and longer-lasting response, prevents or minimizes the infection

29
Q

cell mediated immunity

A

activated T lymphocytes, directly attack unwanted cells, T cells bind directly with their target, activated by a foreign antigen

30
Q

pre T cells

A

go through the thymus to mature and be educated as clones comma they learn self vs non-self. the ones that are good are positively selected, the ones that attack self cells are negatively selected and get destroyed

31
Q

types of mature t cells

A

CD4 helper T Cells/ CD8 cytotoxic T-cells

32
Q

MHC Markers

A

self antigen

33
Q

Class 1 MHC

A

carries self antigen so that the T Cell receptor can recognize it comma used with CD8+ T cells

34
Q

Class 2 MHC

A

used for CD4 + helper cells

35
Q

antigen presenting cells

A

can be dendritic cells, or macrophages

36
Q

epitope

A

specific part of the antigen that the cells can recognize

37
Q

perforin

A

create perforations in the membrane

38
Q

CD4 helper T cells

A

bind with other immune cells and release cytokines that enhance other cell activity

39
Q

regulatory T cells

A

secrete cytokines that suppress other immune cells ensuring the immune system does not over react

40
Q

immunodeficiency diseases

A

characterized by insufficient immune responses

41
Q

inappropriate immune attacks

A

characterized by excessive or inappropriate immune responses

42
Q

SCID

A

no b or t cells, bubble boy

43
Q

allergies

A

inappropriate immune attacks against harmless environmental substances

44
Q

immediate hypersensitivities

A

involving production of IgE antibodies by B cells

45
Q

delayed hypersensitivities

A

involving more slowly responding T cell response against the allergen

46
Q

macrophages

A

destroy the free virus by phagocytosis, process and present the viral antigen to helper T cells, activate B & T cell clones specific to the viral antigen

47
Q

hypersensitivity

A

allergies enter the body for the first time, allergens bind to B cell receptors, clonal expansion, activated plasma cells secrete ige antibodies active against the allergen, histamine release

48
Q

mast cells

A

release histamine

Physiology (13 decks)

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