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Physiology > Homeostais > Flashcards

Homeostais Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy

A

the study of structure

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2
Q

physiology

A

the study of body functions

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3
Q

pathophysiology

A
  • the study of disordered body function, disease
  • the basis for clinical medicine
  • abnormal functioning of the body associated with disease
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4
Q

homeostasis

A

-the relative stable conditions inside the body needed for survival

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5
Q

chemical level

A
  • various atoms and molecules make up the body
  • smallest building blocks of matter
  • oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen make up 96% of body
  • combination of atoms make molecules (proteins, carbohydrates, fats and nucleic acids
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6
Q

cellular level

A
  • fundamental of structure and function of a living being

- smallest unit capable of carrying out the process associated with life

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7
Q

cell functions

A
  • obtaining O2 and nutrients
  • performing energy-generating chemical reactions
  • eliminating wastes
  • synthesizing proteins and other cell components
  • moving materials throughout the cell
  • responding to the environment
  • reproducing
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8
Q

tissues level

A

-cells of similar structure and specialized function combine to form tissues

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9
Q

four primary tissues

A

muscle, nervous, epithelial and connective

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10
Q

tissue: muscle

A
  • cells for contracting
  • generates tension
  • produces movement
  • skeletal: moves the skeleton
  • cardiac: pumps blood out of the heart
  • smooth: controls the movement through hollow tubes
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11
Q

tissue: nervous

A
  • initiating and transmitting electrical impulses

- signals that relay information from one part of the body to another

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12
Q

tissue: epithelial

A
  • specialized cells for exchanging materials between the cell and the cell environment
  • epithelial sheets and secretory glands
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13
Q

types of epithelial

A

simple: one layer
stratified: more than one layer
shape: squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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14
Q

exceptions to epithelial

A

-pseudostratified: one layer that looks like multiple layers due to the cells different sizes with one nuclei
PSCCE: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial
-in the trachea

transitional: changes shape
ex. bladder, cuboidal is empty, squamous is full

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15
Q

tissue: connective

A
  • connects, supports and anchors various body parts
  • areolar (most common), loose and dense
  • tendons, blood, bone
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16
Q

fluid compartments

A
  • most body cells are not in direct contact with the external environment
  • cell survival depends on maintaining a relatively stable internal fluid environment
17
Q

organ level

A

-two or more types of primary tissue organized to perform a function

18
Q

body system

A
  • groups of organs
  • each system perform a related function
  • 11 organ systems
19
Q

intracellular fluid (ICF)

A

-fluid collectively contained within all body cells

20
Q

extracellular fluid (ECF)

A
  • fluid outside the cell
  • internal environment of the body
  • contains the interstitial fluid and plasma
21
Q

plasma

A

fluid portion of the blood

22
Q

interstitial fluid

A
  • surrounds and baths the cells

- in between two cells

23
Q

factors maintained homeostatically

A
  • concentration of nutrients, O2, CO2, waste products
  • pH
  • concentrations on water, salt, and other electrolytes
  • volume and pressure (BP)
  • temperature
24
Q

homeostatic control system

A
  • functionally interconnected network of body components that operates to maintained a given factor constant
  • detects deviations from normal
  • integrate this info with other info
  • make adjustments to restore the factor to normal
25
Q

intrinsic control system

A
  • local
  • controls that are built into an organ
  • an exercising muscle requires more O2 and the blood vessels will dilate to deli ever more O2 to that muscle
26
Q

extrinsic control system

A
  • systemic
  • controls are initiated outside an organ to alter the organs activity
  • permits coordinated regulation of several organs towards a common goal
  • accomplished by the nervous and endocrine system
27
Q

feedback control

A
  • promotes stability
  • anticipates change
  • promotes a change in one direction
  • with instability, disease can happen
28
Q

negative feedback

A
  • both intrinsic and extrinsic control systems
  • a change in the controlled variable triggers a response that dives the variable in the opposite direction of initial change
  • will go back to baseline
29
Q

positive feedback

A
  • amplifies the initial change
  • moves system away from the set point
  • important during childbirth (oxytocin), breast milk production, blood clotting
30
Q

positive feedback loop

A
  • cell depolarization
  • increase cell Na+ permeability
  • increase Na influx
  • decrease cell membrane potential
  • back to an increase in cell Na+ permeability
31
Q

disruptions in homeostasis

A

when a disruption becomes so severe that it no longer compatible with survival, death results

32
Q

components in a negative feedback system

A
  1. deviation in a controlled variable
  2. detected by a sensor
  3. informs the integrator
  4. sends instructions to the effector
  5. brings about compensatory response

Physiology (13 decks)

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