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MTAP 2 IMMUNOSEROLOGY > IMMUNITY > Flashcards

IMMUNITY Flashcards

1
Q

APR which is a Marker for Acute Inflammation

A

C-Reactive Protein

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2
Q

This Acute Phase Reactant is elevated during bacterial infection, rheumatic fever, viral infections, malignant disease, tuberculosis, and after a heart attack.

A

C-Reactive Protein

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3
Q

This Acute Phase Reactant is involve in chemotaxis and removes cholesterol from a cholesterol filled macrophage at the site of tissue injury. Increased in bacterial infections and binds to lysosomal enzymes.

A

Serum Amyloid A

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4
Q

Movement of WBC towards the site of inflammation

A

Chemotaxis

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5
Q

This Acute Phase Reactant acts as an opsonin which is widely distributed on the mucosal surface of the body. It is also involved in the complement activation.

A

Mannose-Binding Lectin

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6
Q

This Acute Phase Reactant acts as a plasma inhibitor of proteases released from leukocytes, most especially elastase.

A

Alpha-1-antitrypsin

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7
Q

This Acute Phase Reactant binds irreversibly to free hemoglobin, Increased levels during inflammation, stress or tissue necrosis.

A

Haptoglobin

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8
Q

This Acute Phase Reactant is the most abundant coagulating factor in plasma which forms the Fibrin clot.

A

Fibrinogen

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9
Q

This Acute Phase Reactant is the principal copper-transporting protein which binds 90 to 95 % of copper found in plasma.

A

Ceruloplasmin

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10
Q

What are the cells involved in INNATE IMMUNITY

A

MACROPHAGE, NK CELLS, DENDRITIC CELLS, NEUTROPHILS, EOSINOPHIL, BASOPHIL, MAST CELLS

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11
Q

_________ Immunity has a rapid reponse during infection.

A

INNATE IMMUNITY

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12
Q

_________ Immunity has a slow reponse during infection.

A

ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

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13
Q

What 6 enzymes are included in the Primary Granules of Neutrophils

A

MYELOPEROXIDASE, ELASTASE, PROTEINASE 3, LYSOZYME, CATHEPSIN G, DEFENSINS

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14
Q

What enzymes are included in the Secondary Granules of Neutrophils

A

LACTOFERRIN, LYSOZYME, NADPH, COLLAGENASE, GELATINASE, RESPIRTORY BURST COMPONENTS

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15
Q

What 2 enzymes are included in the Tertiary Granules of Neutrophils

A

GELATINASE, PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR

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16
Q

This WBC represents 50-75% of the total peripheral WBC with around 10-15 um and a nucleus with 2-5 lobes.

A

Neutrophils

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17
Q

WBC which is the first responder to infection and is capable of phagocytosis (cell eating).

A

Neutrophils

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18
Q

How many hours does neutrophils circulates in our body?

A

6-8 HOURS

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19
Q

Primary Granules of Eosinophils

A

Acid phosphatase and Arylsulfatase

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20
Q

WBC which major function is to kill parasites and neutralize basophils and mast cells and mast cells regulation, represents 1-3% in the peripheral WBC with approximately 12-15 um.

A

Eosinophils

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21
Q

Most important role of Eosinophils

A

Regulation of Immune Response, regulation of Mast Cell Function

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22
Q

What are the Eosinophil-specific granules

A

MAJOR BASIC PROTEIN, EOSINOPHIL CATIONIC PROTEIN, EOSINOPHIL PEROXIDASE, EOSINOPHIL-DERIVED NEUROTOXIN

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23
Q

This WBC is the least numerous in the peripheral blood and is capable of maintaining allergic reactions, stimulate B cells to produce the antibody IgE. 10-15 um and has a short life span.

A

BASOPHILS

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24
Q

What are the granules of Basophils?

A

HISTAMINE, HEPARIN, CYTOKINES, AND EOSINOPHIL CHEMOTACTIC FACTOR-A

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25
Q

This WBC resembles basophils and is responsible in Antigen presentation of T Cells and B Cells, it is also responsible for enhancement and suppression of immune response.

A

MAST CELLS

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26
Q

Where can you abundantly found mast cells?

A

SKIN, CONNECTIVE TISSUES, MUCOSAL EPITHELIUM

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27
Q

Mast Cells has short life span in our body. T or F

A

False, because Mast Cells has a life span of 9-18 months

28
Q

This WBC is the largest cell in the peripheral blood, with a horseshoe-shaped/kidney bean shaped nucleus, and is capable of phagocytosis.

A

MONOCYTES

29
Q

What are the 2 types of granules of Monocytes?

A

Type 1 Peroxidase, Acid Phosphatase, Arylsulfatase
Type 2 B-glucoronidase, Lysozyme, Lipase

30
Q

How long does a monocyte stay in the peripheral blood before migrating to the tissues and become a Macrophage?

A

30 hours

31
Q

Macrophage of the Lungs

A

Alveolar Macrophages

32
Q

Macrophage of the Liver

A

Kupffer Cells

33
Q

Macrophage of the Brain

A

Microglial Cells

34
Q

Macrophage of the Connective Tissues

A

Histiocytes

35
Q

This WBC function is killing microbes, eradication of intracellular parasites, tumoricidal activity, phagocytosis, secretion of cell mediators and acts as an Antigen Presenting Cell

A

Macrophages

36
Q

This WBC is the most potent phagocytic cell, and is most effective at Antigen presentation, as APC it present Antigen to T lymphocytes to initiate the adaptive immune response

A

DENDRITIC CELLS

37
Q

It is a type of phagocytosis in which the Pathogen Recognition Receptor recognizes the lipid and carbohydrate sequences on microorganisms.

A

Direct Phagocytosis

38
Q

It is a type of phagocytosis in which Opsonin Receptors recognizes opsonins such as IgG, CRP and C3b that is bound to the microorganism

A

Indirect Phagocytosis

39
Q

This patterns are only found in microorganisms
Ex. Toll-Like Receptors

A

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

40
Q

TLR 1 recognize _________ and targets ______________

A

Lipopeptides, Mycobacteria

41
Q

TLR 2 recognize _________ and targets ______________

A

Peptidoglycan, lipoproteins, zymosan, Gram + bacteria, Mycobacteria & Yeasts

42
Q

TLR 4 recognize _________ and targets ______________

A

Lipopolysaccharide, fusion proteins, mannan, Gram - bacteria, RSV fungi

43
Q

TLR 5 recognize _________ and targets ______________

A

Flagellin, Bacteria with flagellae

44
Q

TLR 6 recognize _________ and targets ______________

A

Lipopeptides, lipoteichoic acid, zymosan, Gram + bacteria, Mycobacteria, Yeasts

45
Q

TLR 3 recognize _________ and targets ______________

A

dsRNA, RNA Viruses

46
Q

TLR 7 and 8 recognize _________ and targets ______________

A

ssRNA, RNA Viruses

47
Q

TLR 9 recognize _________ and targets ______________

A

dsDNA, DNA Viruses, Bacterial DNA

48
Q

Toll Like Receptors is discovered by

A

Charles Janeway

49
Q

4 MAJOR STEPS IN PHAGOCYTOSIS

A
  1. Attachment/ Physical contact between WBC and foreign particles
  2. Formation of phagosome
  3. Fusion with phagolysosome
  4. Digestion/ release of debris
50
Q

What are the cardinal signs of Inflammation?

A

Rubor-Redness
Calor-Heat
Tumor-Swelling
Dolor-Pain
Functio Laesa-Loss of function

51
Q

What are the major events associated with the process of inflammation?

A

Increased blood supply to the infected area
Increased capillary permeability
Migration of white blood cells to surrounding tissue
Migration of macrophages to the injured area

52
Q

It is the movement of WBC across the blood vessel wall

A

Diapedesis

53
Q

Recognition of foreign substances and ability to resist infection

A

IMMUNITY

54
Q

Innate/Non-adaptive/non specific type of immunity, present at birth

A

Natural Immunity

55
Q

Adaptive/Specific, ability to remember prior exposure

A

Acquired Immunity

56
Q

Active Immunity (Natural)

A

Antibodies made after an exposure to infection

57
Q

Active Immunity (Artificial)

A

Antibodies are made after a vaccine (Attenuated Antigen)

58
Q

Types of Acquired Immunity

A

Active Immunity (Natural/Artificial)
Passive Immunity (Natural/Artificial)

59
Q

Passive Immunity (Natural)

A

Antibodies transmitted from mother to baby

60
Q

Passive Immunity (Artificial)

A

Antibodies from vaccine containing Antibody

61
Q

What are the structural External Defense Mechanism

A

Intact Skin-Keratinocytes
Mucous membrane of GIT- Gastric Acid
Ciliated epithelium-
Lacrimal Apparatus-Lysozyme
Sweat glands-Lactic Acid
Sebaceous glands-Fatty Acid

62
Q

What are the mechanical External Defense Mechanism

A

Peristaltic movement
Shedding of cells
Coughing and Sneezing
Flushing action of urine

63
Q

What are the physiologic factors in Internal Defense Mechanism

A

Body Temperature
Oxygen Tension
Hormonal Balance

64
Q

What are the Basic Polypeptides in Internal Defense Mechanism

A

Spermin
Defensin

65
Q

What are the Interferons in Internal Defense Mechanism

A

Alpha
Beta
Gamma

66
Q

What is the mediator of inflammatory response in Internal Defense Mechanism

A

Complement

67
Q

What are the functions of Basophils

A

Regulate T helper cell response and stimulates B cells to produce antibody IgE

MTAP 2 IMMUNOSEROLOGY (9 decks)

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