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MTAP 2 IMMUNOSEROLOGY > ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY > Flashcards

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY Flashcards

1
Q

Allows the body to recognize, remember, and respond to a specific stimulus, an antigen. Can result to the elimination of microorganisms and recovery from disease

A

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

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2
Q

It is the key cell involved in the adaptive immunity immune response. 7-10 um in diameter and has a large rounded nucleus that may be somewhat indented.

A

LYMPHOCYTES

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3
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs

A

Bone Marrow
Thymus

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4
Q

What are the secondary lymphoid organs

A

Spleen
Lymph Nodes
Appendix
Tonsils

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5
Q

It is considered to be the largest tissue of the body with a total weight of 1300 to 1500 in adult. It functions as the center for antigen-independent lymphopoiesis

A

BONE MARROW

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6
Q

It is a small, flat, bilobed organ found in the thorax or chest cavity, approximately 97% of the cortical cells die in the thymus before maturing into T cells.

A

THYMUS

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7
Q

Lymphopoiesis or reproduction of lymphocytes happen in secondary lymphoid organs and is antigen-independent
T or F

A

False
Strictly dependent on antigenic stimulation

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8
Q

Formation of lymphocytes in the bone marrow is _________ independent

A

Antigen-independent

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9
Q

It is the largest secondary lymphoid organ, it removes old and damaged cells and foreign antigens from the blood

A

SPLEEN

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10
Q

What are the 2 main Splenic Tissue

A

Red Pulp- destroys old red blood cells
White Pulp- contains lymphoid tissue

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11
Q

It is located along lymphatic ducts and serve as central collecting points for lymph fluid from adjacent tissues, its main function is filtration

A

LYMPH NODES

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12
Q

Acts as a reference in standardizing names of membrane proteins found on all human white blood cells

A

Clusters of differentiation

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13
Q

CD3 is specific for Cell Type ______________

A

Thymocytes, T cells

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14
Q

CD4 is specific for Cell Type ______________

A

T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages

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15
Q

CD8 is specific for Cell Type ______________

A

Thymocytes subsets, Cytotoxic T cells

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16
Q

CD16 is specific for Cell Type ______________

A

Macrophages, NK Cells, Neutrophils

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17
Q

CD19 and CD21 specific for Cell Type ______________

A

B cells, follicular dendritic cells

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18
Q

CD56 is specific for Cell Type ______________

A

NK cells, subsets of T cells

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19
Q

Cells that have not encountered their specific antigen

A

VIRGIN or NAIVE LYMPHOCYTES

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20
Q

Populations of long lived T or B cells that have been stimulated by antigen, has a quick response to an encountered antigen

A

MEMORY CELLS

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21
Q

Has the capacity to produce harmful antibodies after differentiation into plasma cells, capable of antigen presenting

A

B LYMPHOCYTES

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22
Q

What are the 2 B Lymphocyte Subsets

A

B1 Cells- distinguished by CD5 marker, responds in microbial antigens
B2 Cells- Account for most B lymphocytes in adults, responds effectively to T-dependent antigen

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23
Q

STAGES OF B-CELL DIFFERENTIATION

A

Pro-B Cells
Pre-B Cells
Immature B Cells
Mature B Cells
Activated B Cells
Plasma Cells
Memory Cells

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24
Q

A stage in B Cell differentiation which the B-cell progenitors require direct contact with bone marrow stromal cells

A

Pro-B Cells

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25
Q

Cytokine necessary at early developmental stage of Pro-B Cells

A

Interleukin-7

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26
Q

Surface antigens in Pro-B Cells

A

CD19, CD45R, CD43, CD24, c-Kit, Tdt, RAG-1 and RAG-2

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27
Q

This CD marker appears early and remains on the B ce;; until it differentiates into plasma cell

A

CD19

28
Q

It is distinguished by the appearance of complete IgM molecules on the cell surface

A

Immature B Cells

29
Q

Other surface protein present on the immature B cell

A

CD21
CD40
MHC Class II molecules

30
Q

It is termed as programmed cell death

A

APOPTOSIS

31
Q

2 types of Mature B Cells

A

Marginal B Cells- remain in the spleen to respond quickly in blood borne pathogens
Follicular B Cells- migrate to lymph nodes and other secondary organs

32
Q

Immunoglobulins present in Mature B cells

A

IgM
IgD

33
Q

Surface protein of Mature B-cells

A

CD19
CD21
CD81
CD225

34
Q

Lifespan of Mature B Cells

A

Few days if not in contact with antigen

35
Q

Exhibit identifying markers that include CD25, transformation into blasts will give rise to both Plasma cells or Memory cells

A

Activated B Cells

36
Q

This represents the most fully differentiated lymphocyte, main function is antibody production

A

Plasma Cells

37
Q

Plasma cells are normally found in

A

Germinal centers in the peripheral lymphoid organs
Bone Marrow

38
Q

This cells are found in germinal centers and have a long life span

A

Memory Cells

39
Q

It is responsible for cellular immune responses and are involved in the regulation of antibody reactions in conjunction with B Lymphocytes

A

T LYMPHOCYTES

40
Q

Surface marker of thymocytes that are committed to becoming T cells

A

CD44
CD25

41
Q

Stages of T Cell differentiation

A

Double Negative Stage
Double Positive Stage
Mature T Cells

42
Q

In this stage, rearrangement of the genes that code for the antigen receptor aka T-cell receptor (TCR) begins.

A

Double Negative Stage

43
Q

Early thymocytes lack these two markers

A

CD4 and CD8

44
Q

Double Negative Stage possesses these 4 CD markers

A

CD2
CD5
CD7
CD45R

45
Q

Cytokines that interact with stromal cells

A

Interleukin-7

46
Q

2 specific chain of the T cell receptor under Double Negative Stage

A

Alpha
Beta

47
Q

Thymocytes expresses CD4 and CD8 in this stage

A

Double Positive Stage

48
Q

It is a process in Double Positive Stage that allows only double positive cells with functional TCR receptors to survive

A

Positive Selection

49
Q

It is a process in Double Positive Stage that takes place among the surviving double-positive T cells.

A

Negative Selection

50
Q

Survivors of selection exhibit one of these two markers

A

CD4 75%
CD8 25%

51
Q

T Lymphocyte Subsets

A

CD4+ subset: helper-inducer T cell
CD8+ subset: suppressor-cytotoxic T cell

52
Q

What are the cells in T-cell subpopulation

A

Th1
Th2
T Regulatory cells
Th9 cells
Th17 cells

53
Q

T-cell subpopulation cell that produce interferon gamma (IFN-y), Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and necrosis factor-B (TNF-B)
It also protect cells against intracellular pathogens by activating cytotoxic lymphocytes and macrophages

A

Th1 cells

54
Q

T-cell subpopulation cell that helps B cells produce antibodies against extracellular pathogens and to generally regulate B-cell actitvity
Includes IL4, IL5, IL6, IL9, IL10, IL13

A

Th2 Cells

55
Q

T cell subpopulation cells that possesses CD4 and CD25 antigen, it plays an important role in suppressing the immune response to self-antigens

A

T regulatory cells

56
Q

T-cell subpopulation that produces IL-9 and appear to have proinflammatory effects, wards off fungi and extracellular bacteria

A

Th9 cells

57
Q

T-cell subpopulation that produces IL-17 and IL-22, can increase inflammation and joint destruction, associated with autoimmune diseases such as Rheumatoid arthritis, Multiple sclerosis, Inflammatory bowel disease

A

TH17 cells

58
Q

This cell have the ability to mediate cytolytic reactions and kill target cells without prior exposure to them, possesses CD16, CD56 and CD94, first line of defense against virally infected cells, intracellular pathogen infection, and tumor cells.

A

NATURAL KILLER CELLS

59
Q

In response to IL2 NK cells become ______ cells

A

LAK Cells

60
Q

This receptors delivers inhibitory signals

A

Inhibitory receptors

61
Q

This receptors delivers signals to activate cytotoxic mechanisms

A

Activatory receptors

62
Q

This type of cell recognize and lyse antibody coated cells through a process called __________________

A

Antibody-Dependent Cell cytotoxicity

63
Q

Binding of Antibody-dependent Cell Cytotoxicity occurs in _________ for IgG

A

CD16 Receptor

64
Q

Laboratory Identification of Lymphocytes

A

Density Gradient Centrifugation with Ficoll-Hypaque
Flow Cytometry
Fluorescence Microscopy (Direct and Indirect)
Rossette Technique

65
Q

T Cells Characteristics

A

Develops in Thymus
Found in Blood 60-80%
Rosette formation with SRBCs
End products are Cytokines
CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8 antigen
Paracortical region of lymph nodes

66
Q

B Cells Characteristics

A

Develops in bone marrow
Found in bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes
Surface immunoglobulins
End products are antibodies
CD19, CD20, CD21, CD40, Class II MHC
Cortical region of lymph nodes

MTAP 2 IMMUNOSEROLOGY (9 decks)

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