Immunity Flashcards
What is a vaccination?
Inoculation with a vaccine in order to protect against a particular disease
What is immunisation?
Treatment of an organism for the purpose of making it immune to subsequent attack by a particular pathogen (includes vaccination)
What is passive immunity
A type of immunity that occurs when a person is given antibodies rather than making them through his or her own immune system
What is active immunity?
Results when exposure to a disease organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease
What is Attenuated?
When bacteria and viruses are made less virulent
What is an antigen?
A substance that when introduced into the body stimulates the production of an antibody.
Antigens include toxins, bacteria, foreign blood cells and the cells of transplanted organs.
What is an antibody?
A substance produced in the blood or tissues in response to a specific antigen such as a bacterium or a toxin which destroys or weakens bacteria and neutralises organic poisons
What is herd immunity?
Vast majority of vulnerable population vaccinated at one time so there are no individuals with the disease and transmission of the pathogen is interrupted
What is Type A blood?
When red blood cells have the A antigen
The liquid portion of your blood has antibodies that recognise the type B blood
What are antigens
Molecules present on the cell surface used to recognise cells and can induce an immune response
What cells are recognised as foreign?
Pathogens producing toxins
Abnormal body cells
Cells from other organisms of the same species
Explain the cell mediated response
T helper cells can only respond to antibodies on the surface of the body cell
A.P.C is formed from phagocyte
Receptors on the correct T helper cell bind to the antigen on the A.P.C
T helper cell is now activated and divides rapidly via mitosis
Many clones are produced
Activates toxic T cells
Explain the humoral response
Each b cell is specific for one antigen and produces antibodies specific to an antigen
B cell is directly bonded to antigen
B cell presents antigen on its surface
B cell becomes an APC
T helper cell attaches to antigen on APC and undergoes clonal selection and divides rapidly via mitosis
