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Biology year 12 > Classification > Flashcards

Classification Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a hierarchy?

A

Smaller groups within larger groups with no overlap between the groups.

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2
Q

What are the three domains?

A

Eukarya
Archaea
Bacteria

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3
Q

7 divisions the domains are split into

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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4
Q

How do scientists write a species name?

A

they write the genus name starting with a capital letter and the species name starting with a lower case letter

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5
Q

What is the difference between typing a species name vs writing a species name?

A

When you type a species name it is in italics whereas if you write the species name, it is underlined

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6
Q

How does classification work?

A
  • As you go through the ranks, the individual show more and more diversity
  • The number of similarities and levels of relatedness gets less
  • There is one or more species in each genus
  • These are closely related and show similar features
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7
Q

What is Phylogeny?

A

The study of evolutionary relationships between organisms, represented in evolutionary trees

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8
Q

How to tell what species are closely related on an evolutionary tree?

A

They will appear closer together.

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9
Q

Who do humans share a common ancestor with?

A

Gorillas

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10
Q

What does Monophyletic mean?

A

Belonging to the same phytogenic group

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11
Q

On a phylogenetic tree, what do the tips represent?

A

The species or other taxa that scientists compare

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12
Q

What do the nodes represent and how are they formed?

A

Nodes represent the common ancestors and from when two branches meet each other

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13
Q

What are sister groups?

A

Groups that branch out from the same common ancestor

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14
Q

In the binomial naming system what is the correct order?

A

Genus species

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15
Q

What is an advantage of the binomial naming system?

A

It allows scientists to communicate all over the world

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16
Q

What is a species?

A

A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

17
Q

What are the difficulties in defining the term species?

A

-Variation between species
-Hybridisation
-King species

18
Q

Step 1 of immunological comparisons of proteins?

A

A rabbit is injected with human serum which contains pure human albumin
The rabbit produces antibodies against the human albumin; anti-human albumin antibodies

19
Q

Step 2 of immunological comparisons of proteins?

A

The anti-human albumin antibodies are extracted and purified. These are then added to the serum of other species.

20
Q

Step 3 of immunological comparisons of proteins?

A

The more similar the blood to human blood, the greater the reaction. The human albumin and human antigens form a precipitate with anti-human albumin antibodies and more ppt form.

21
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The variety of organisms in an area

22
Q

What is species richness?

A

The measure of the number of different species in a community

23
Q

What is a habitat?

A

The place where an organism lives

24
Q

What is a community?

A

All the populations of different species in an environment

25
Q

What is species richness?

A

A measure of the number of different species in a community

26
Q

What is DNA hybridisation?

A

A technique to determine similarities between DNA or different organisms

27
Q

What happens during DNA hybridisation?

A

DNA separates when heated and then recombines to form the original strand when left to cool.
One of the strands is labelled with a radioactive marker
All strands within a DNA mixture will pair up with their partners eventually

28
Q

What do the results of DNA hybridisation show?

A

The more hydrogen bonds linking the strand back together, the more closely related the two species are as there will be more shared base sequences

29
Q

Why is one strand labelled with a radioactive marker?

A

To see whether they combine with a different of same strand
To show whether hybridisation occured

Biology year 12 (8 decks)

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