Classification Flashcards
What is a hierarchy?
Smaller groups within larger groups with no overlap between the groups.
What are the three domains?
Eukarya
Archaea
Bacteria
7 divisions the domains are split into
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
How do scientists write a species name?
they write the genus name starting with a capital letter and the species name starting with a lower case letter
What is the difference between typing a species name vs writing a species name?
When you type a species name it is in italics whereas if you write the species name, it is underlined
How does classification work?
- As you go through the ranks, the individual show more and more diversity
- The number of similarities and levels of relatedness gets less
- There is one or more species in each genus
- These are closely related and show similar features
What is Phylogeny?
The study of evolutionary relationships between organisms, represented in evolutionary trees
How to tell what species are closely related on an evolutionary tree?
They will appear closer together.
Who do humans share a common ancestor with?
Gorillas
What does Monophyletic mean?
Belonging to the same phytogenic group
On a phylogenetic tree, what do the tips represent?
The species or other taxa that scientists compare
What do the nodes represent and how are they formed?
Nodes represent the common ancestors and from when two branches meet each other
What are sister groups?
Groups that branch out from the same common ancestor
In the binomial naming system what is the correct order?
Genus species
What is an advantage of the binomial naming system?
It allows scientists to communicate all over the world
What is a species?
A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
What are the difficulties in defining the term species?
-Variation between species
-Hybridisation
-King species
Step 1 of immunological comparisons of proteins?
A rabbit is injected with human serum which contains pure human albumin
The rabbit produces antibodies against the human albumin; anti-human albumin antibodies
Step 2 of immunological comparisons of proteins?
The anti-human albumin antibodies are extracted and purified. These are then added to the serum of other species.
Step 3 of immunological comparisons of proteins?
The more similar the blood to human blood, the greater the reaction. The human albumin and human antigens form a precipitate with anti-human albumin antibodies and more ppt form.
What is biodiversity?
The variety of organisms in an area
What is species richness?
The measure of the number of different species in a community
What is a habitat?
The place where an organism lives
What is a community?
All the populations of different species in an environment
What is species richness?
A measure of the number of different species in a community
What is DNA hybridisation?
A technique to determine similarities between DNA or different organisms
What happens during DNA hybridisation?
DNA separates when heated and then recombines to form the original strand when left to cool.
One of the strands is labelled with a radioactive marker
All strands within a DNA mixture will pair up with their partners eventually
What do the results of DNA hybridisation show?
The more hydrogen bonds linking the strand back together, the more closely related the two species are as there will be more shared base sequences
Why is one strand labelled with a radioactive marker?
To see whether they combine with a different of same strand
To show whether hybridisation occured
