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Year 2- Infectious Disease > Immunisations and Prophylaxis > Flashcards

Immunisations and Prophylaxis Flashcards

1
Q

RECAP- what are the two types of immunity?

A

Innate
Adaptive

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2
Q

In response to infection, which immunoglobulins are produced primarily?

A

IgM antibody produced first, then IgG

->there was a youtube video that said who do you to fist whenever something is wrong, your Mum so M=mum, IgM produced first

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3
Q

What happens to response speed when the body in exposed to an infection for the second time?

A

Response occurs a lot more quickly

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4
Q

If using a killed vaccine, how many doses are often needed?

A

3

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5
Q

If using a live vaccine, how many doses are often needed?

A

1

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6
Q

Give some examples of live attenuated vaccines.

A

MMR
BCG
Varicella-zoster virus
Smallpox
Typhoid
Polio
Rotavirus

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7
Q

Which live attenuated vaccines can be taken orally?

A

Typhoid
Polio
Rotavirus

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8
Q

MMR?

A

Measles, mumps and rubella

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9
Q

List some inactivated/killed vaccines.

A

Polio (in combined DTPHib vaccine)
HepA
Cholera
Rabies
Japanese encephalitis
Tick-borne encephalitis
Influenza

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10
Q

Which killed/inactive vaccine can be taken orally?

A

Cholera

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11
Q

Give two examples of detoxified toxin vaccines.

A

Diphtheria
Tetanus

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12
Q

Subunit vaccines are composed of protein or glycoprotein components of a pathogen that are capable of inducing a protective immune response.

List some subunit vaccines.

A

Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae type b
Meningococcal group C
Pneumococcus
Typhoid
Anthrax
HepB

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13
Q

Children are often given vaccines with multiple vaccines at once.
What is included in the Infanrix hexa or the ‘6 in 1 vaccine’?

DTaPIPVHibHBV hahhaha

A

Diphtheria
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio
Haemophilus influezae b
HepB

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14
Q

Don’t necessarily need to remember this but what vaccines are given at the age of 2 months?

A

6-in-1
Rotavirus
MenB

->repeated at various intervals in age

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15
Q

Don’t necessarily need to remember this but what vaccines are given at the age of 2-8?

A

Influenza nasal

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16
Q

Don’t necessarily need to remember this but what vaccines are given at the age of 3-5?

A

DTaP/IPV
MMR

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17
Q

Don’t necessarily need to remember this but what vaccines are given at the age of 12-13?

A

HPV x2

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18
Q

Don’t necessarily need to remember this but what vaccines are given at the age of 14?

A

dT/IPV booster
Men ACWY

19
Q

What % of the population need to be vaccinated for herd immuinity?

A

90-95%

20
Q

What is the BCG vaccine against?

A

TB

21
Q

Who gets the BCG vaccine?

A

-Some infants in areas with high annual incidence of TB or if parents/grandparents born in areas with higher incidence
-Children screened at school w TB risk factors
-New immigrants from high TB prevalence countries
-Contacts of resp TB patients
-Healthcare workers

22
Q

Which condition gets a nee vaccine developed every year?

A

Influenza vaccine

23
Q

List some of the indications for the influenza vaccines.

A

Age >65
Nursing home residents
Health care workers
Immunodeficiency
Diabetes
Pregnancy

24
Q

There are two types of pneumococcal vaccine.

When are they given?

A

One given in childhood
One given to those at increased risk of pneumococcal infection

25
Q

Who gets HepB vaccine?

A

New born children (from 2018, part of 6-1)
Children at high risk exposure to HepB
Healthcare workers
Prisoners
Chronic kidney/liver disease

26
Q

Who gets the varicella-zoster vaccine (chickenpox)?

A

Suppressed immune systems e.g. cancer treatment or organ transplant
Healthcare worker
Children at risk of severe chickenpox

27
Q

Who gets the Herpes zoster vaccine (shingles)?

A

All elderly patients 70-80

28
Q

There is such a thing as passive immunisation with immunoglobulins.
What does human normal immunoglobulin contain?

A

Contains antibodies against HepA, rubella and measles

29
Q

When may someone be given normal human immunoglobulin for passive immunisation?

A

Used in immunoglobulin deficiency
Treatment of some autoimmune disorder e.g. myasthenia gravis

30
Q

Give some examples of disease specific immunoglobulins.

A

HepB Ig
Rabies Ig
Tetanus anti-toxin Ig
Varicella Zoster Ig
Diptheria anti-toxin Ig

31
Q

What are some of the general measures given as travel advice?

A

Care with food/water
Hand washing
Sunburn/sunstroke
Altitude
RTA
Safer sex
Mosquitos- bed nets, sprays, covering up

32
Q

List some common immunisations for travellers, bearing in mind that some may be booster vaccines.

A

Tetanus
Polio
Typhoid
HepA
Yellow fever
Cholera

33
Q

List some of the immunisations for travellers in special circumstances.

A

Men ACWY
Rabies
Diphtheria
Japanese B encephalitis
Tick borne encephalitis

34
Q

Antimicrobial prophylaxis?

A

Use of medicines to prevent infection

35
Q

Give an example of a disease in which chemoprophylaxis may be given.

A

Malaria

36
Q

Give an example when someone may get post-exposure prophylaxis.

A

Ciprofloxacin for meningococcal disease

37
Q

Give an example when someone may get HIV post-exposure prophylaxis.

A

Needle stick injury
Sexual intercourse

38
Q

When else is prophylaxis routinely given in hospital?

A

Before surgery

39
Q

What is the ABCD for malaria prevention?

A

Awareness of risk
Bite prevention
Chemoprophylaxis
Diagnosis and treatment

40
Q

What can be done as bite provention?

A

Cover-up at dawn and dusk
Insect repellent sprays
Mosquito coils
Mosquito bed nets

41
Q

List some potential chemoprophylaxis against malaria.

A

Malarone daily
Doxycycline daily
Mefloquine weekly
Chloroquine weekly + proquanil daily

Choice depends on country

42
Q

Which chemoprophylaxis is not suitable for children?

A

Doxycycline

43
Q
A

Year 2- Infectious Disease (12 decks)

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