immune system & lymph organs

Question 1

provides defense or immunity against infectious agents ranging from viruses to multicellular parasites.

Answer 1

Immune system

Question 2

2 partially overlapping lines of defense against invaders and/or potentially harmful cells

Answer 2

Innate and Adaptive immunity

Question 3

lymphocytes are formed initially in ______

Answer 3

Primary lymphoid organs

Question 4

what are examples of primary lymphoid organs

Answer 4

thymus and bone marrow

Question 5

most lymphocyte activation and proliferation occurs in _______

Answer 5

secondary lymphoid organs

Question 6

examples or secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 6

lymph nodes, spleen, and diffuse lymphoid tissue found in : digestive system, tonsils, peyer patches, and appendix

Question 7

immune cells are located diffusely where

Answer 7

digestive, respiratory, or urogenital mucosae

Question 8

involves immediate, non-specific actions, including physical barriers that prevent infections or penetrations of the host body

Answer 8

innate immunity

Question 9

________ on leukocytes allow the recognition and binding of surface components of such invaders

Answer 9

Toll-like receptors (TLR’s)

Question 10

destroys various unhealthy host cells

Answer 10

Natural killer cells

Question 11

specific regions lower the pH locally to either kill entering microorganisms directly inhibit their growth

Answer 11

HCl and organic acids

Question 12

short cationic polypeptides that kill bacteria by disrupting the cell walls

Answer 12

defensins

Question 13

hydrolyzes bacteria cell wall components, thus killing those cells

Answer 13

Lysozymes

Question 14

system of proteins in blood plasma, mucus, and macrophages that react with bacteria surface components to aid removal bacteria

Answer 14

competent

Question 15

paracrine factors that signal NK cells to kill cell and adjacent cells to resist viral infection.

Answer 15

interferons

Question 16

acquired gradually by exposure to microorganisms, is more specific, slower to respond.

Answer 16

Adaptive immunity

Question 17

the adaptive immune response involves ___ and ______

Answer 17

B and T lymphocytes

Question 18

immune cell communicate with one another and regulate one another’s activities via polypeptide hormones

Answer 18

cytokines

Question 19

a molecule that is recognized by cells of the adaptive immune system is called an

Answer 19

antigen

Question 20

may consist of soluble molecules or molecules that are still components of intact cells.

Answer 20

antigens

Question 21

immune cells recognize and react to small molecular domains of the antigen

Answer 21

antigenic determinants or epitopes

Question 22

the immune response to antigens may be _____,______, or both

Answer 22

cellular, humoral

Question 23

secreted by plasma cells that arise by terminal differentiation of colony proliferating B lymphocyte whose receptors recognize and bind specific receptors

Answer 23

antibody

Question 24

isolated carboxyl-terminal portion of the heavy-chain molecules

Answer 24

Constant Fc region