Immune System: Immunodeficiency

Question 1

HIV

Answer 1

Human immunodeficiency virus

Question 2

AIDS

Answer 2

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Question 3

HIV infects and destroys _______ cells

Answer 3

Th

Helper T cells, CD4

Question 4

What are Th cells necessary for?

Answer 4

Needed to develop plasma and Tc cells

Question 5

HIV is a _______ carrying genetic information in ___

Answer 5

Retrovirus

RNA

Question 6

Process of HIV infection

Answer 6

• Binds to target cell through receptor
• Inserts RNA into target cell
• Through enzyme, reverse transcriptase, RNA is converted to double stranded DNA
• New DNA is inserted into infected cell’s genetic material
• Virus encapsulated and released into circulation

Question 7

_____ (found on Th cells) is primary receptor for HIV

Answer 7

CD4+

Question 8

CD4+ depletion causes..

Answer 8

Severely diminished response to infectious pathogens and malignant tumors

Question 9

How many CD4 cells are in a normal blood smear?

Answer 9

1200-1500

Question 10

When CD4 count gets below ____, you have AIDS

Answer 10

200

Question 11

HIV infection transmission

Answer 11

Transmissible body fluid + Point of entry into blood stream = exposure

Question 12

If you don’t treat a woman for HIV, a baby has __% chance of transmitting it but with treatment it is __%

Answer 12

25

5

Question 13

Stages of HIV progression

Answer 13

Acute retroviral syndrome
Early chronic infection
Intermediate chronic infection
Late chronic infection or AIDS

Question 14

Acute retroviral syndrome

Answer 14

Initial phase
Antibodies against HIV are not detectable
CD4+ T cell levels within normal range

Question 15

Symptoms of acute retroviral syndrome

Answer 15

Fever
Swollen lymph glands
Sore throat
Nausea and / or diarrhea
Fatigue, headache, malaise

Question 16

Early chronic infection

Answer 16

Second phase
Virus is replicating in the lymph nodes
Seropositive for multiple antibodies against HIV
CD4+T cells are variable but decreasing

Question 17

What are the symptoms of early chronic infection

Answer 17

Asymptomatic or vague, nonspecific symptoms

Question 18

Intermediate chronic infection

Answer 18

Third phase
No opportunistic infections or malignancies
Antibody levels remain high

Question 19

Symptoms of intermediate chronic infection

Answer 19

Patient develops a variety of viral related symptoms

Question 20

Late chronic infection or AIDS

Answer 20

Fourth phase
Diagnosed with AIDS
Immune system severely depressed
Opportunistic infections or malignancies

Question 21

Common opportunistic infections

Answer 21

Pneumocytis carini pneumonia

Pulmonary tuberculosis

Question 22

Common malignancies

Answer 22

Kaposi sarcoma

Cervical cancer