Immune System: Immunodeficiency Flashcards
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
AIDS
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
HIV infects and destroys _______ cells
Th
Helper T cells, CD4
What are Th cells necessary for?
Needed to develop plasma and Tc cells
HIV is a _______ carrying genetic information in ___
Retrovirus
RNA
Process of HIV infection
- Binds to target cell through receptor
- Inserts RNA into target cell
- Through enzyme, reverse transcriptase, RNA is converted to double stranded DNA
- New DNA is inserted into infected cell’s genetic material
- Virus encapsulated and released into circulation
_____ (found on Th cells) is primary receptor for HIV
CD4+
CD4+ depletion causes..
Severely diminished response to infectious pathogens and malignant tumors
How many CD4 cells are in a normal blood smear?
1200-1500
When CD4 count gets below ____, you have AIDS
200
HIV infection transmission
Transmissible body fluid + Point of entry into blood stream = exposure
If you don’t treat a woman for HIV, a baby has __% chance of transmitting it but with treatment it is __%
25
5
Stages of HIV progression
Acute retroviral syndrome
Early chronic infection
Intermediate chronic infection
Late chronic infection or AIDS
Acute retroviral syndrome
Initial phase
Antibodies against HIV are not detectable
CD4+ T cell levels within normal range
Symptoms of acute retroviral syndrome
Fever Swollen lymph glands Sore throat Nausea and / or diarrhea Fatigue, headache, malaise
Early chronic infection
Second phase
Virus is replicating in the lymph nodes
Seropositive for multiple antibodies against HIV
CD4+T cells are variable but decreasing
What are the symptoms of early chronic infection
Asymptomatic or vague, nonspecific symptoms
Intermediate chronic infection
Third phase
No opportunistic infections or malignancies
Antibody levels remain high
Symptoms of intermediate chronic infection
Patient develops a variety of viral related symptoms
Late chronic infection or AIDS
Fourth phase
Diagnosed with AIDS
Immune system severely depressed
Opportunistic infections or malignancies
Common opportunistic infections
Pneumocytis carini pneumonia
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Common malignancies
Kaposi sarcoma
Cervical cancer
