Immune system II - Immune activators

Question 1

Briefly, how do vaccines work?

Answer 1

Intentionally activates the immune system to generate a memory response to a known pathogen

Question 2

How do immune stimulators work?

Answer 2

Deliberate triggering providing an inflammatory response

Question 3

How do vaccines protect? (3)

Answer 3

Immunisation drives clonal expansion
Adaptive immune response from innate stimulation (dendritic cell priming)
Primer dose and booster dose ensures the adaptive response if fully complete

Question 4

Name the THREE types of vaccines and give examples

Answer 4

Live attenuated - BCG
Inactivated - Influenza
Subunit and adjuvant - Hep. B

Question 5

Name the TWO vaccination strategies

Answer 5

Herd immunity

Individual protection

Question 6

Why are vaccines safe?

Answer 6

Years of experience

Long and thorough pre-clinical and clinical assessment

Question 7

What are the problems with vaccination? (3)

Answer 7

Public unawareness
Parental concern
Antigenic variation requiring constant development of vaccines

Question 8

Name the TWO types of immune stimulators

Answer 8

Microbial component

Recombinant cytokine