Immune system Flashcards
What does lysis mean?
distruction
what does precipitation or aggulation of cells or molecules mean?
clumping together
What are the two immune systems
Non-specific and specific.
You need both for immunity!
non-specific immune response…
responce is antigen-independante.
there is immediate max response
NOT antigen specific.
Exposure results in no immunologic memory
specific immune response…
response is antigen-dependent.
long time between exposure and max response.
IS antegin specific.
result in immunologic memory.
Non-speficif immunity types
mechanical barriers- skin and mucous membranes.
chemical barriers- hydrochloric acid in the gastric mucosa.
inflammatory response- tissue damage provokes release of chemical mediators (histamine) and other chematactic factors.
phagocytosis by neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and tissue macrophages. (NOT NK cells)
what do NK cells do?
come in DIRECT contact with tumor cells and tissue cells that have been invaded by viruses and destroy them. (CAN NOT phagocytose)
what does an Interferon do?
protein produced by a cell after it has been infected by a virus; inhibits further development and spread of virus.
what does Complement do?
group of enxymes in plasma that can be activated by the attachment of an antibody to an antigen.
results in antigen lysis.
what are the two ways antibodys kill?
agglutination or complement.
What do t-helper cells do?
they release chemotactic facotrs to bring in T-killer cells.
Humoral Immune Response…
B-CELLS that transform into a plasma cell after antigenic stimulation.
immunoglobulins (antibodies).
B-Cells and plasma cells stay in the lymphoid tissue. antibodies are released into plasma.
Have memory cells.
Cell-Mediated Immune Response…
T Lymphocyte that transforms into cytotoxic T-CELL, helper T-CELL or suprossor T-CELL after antigenic stimulation.
Lymphokines.
T-CELLS can enter circulation and travel to the site where an antigen entered the body.
Has memory cells.
IgM
Made first!
first Ig made during first exposure to an antigen.
what does Ig stand for?
Immunoglobulin
IgG
made when animal is exposed to an antigen for a long time or when exposed to the antigen for the second time.
longest lasting, highest number.
IgA
secretory antibody, can leave blood and enter tissue fluids; plays a rold in protecting MUCOSAL surfaces.
Found in exits and enterances to the body.
IgE
associated with an ALLERGIC response.
eosiniphils and PARASITES
IgD
function is unknown.
Passive Immunity…
COLOSTRUM!
animal receives preformed antibodies from someone else..
No memory cells produced.
IgM.
Active Immunity…
Given in vacine or your own cells fighting.
memory T or B cells are produced.
Killed or just weakened (attenuated) antigens.
IgG.
Lymphatic system
white color.
macrophages and plasma found in lymphatic system.
Lymph consists of…
blood cells (mostly lymphocytes) nutrients and hormones. Some TCELLS circulate from blood to interstitial fluid to lymph and back to blood. BCELLS are found primarily inlymph tissues and rarely circulate.
Lymph characteristics
transparent liquid containing varying numbers of cells, primarily lymphocytes.
has more water, sugar, and electrolytes than plasma.
