Bio/Chem Review Flashcards
Smallest unit of an element is?
An Atom
Ion
an atom that has lost of gained an electron, changing its charge.
Two types of ions.
Cation
Ion with a positive charge.
Anion
Ion with a negative charge.
Types of bonds
Covalent= When atoms share electrons. Ionic= When electrons are transferred from one atom to another. Hydronic= A specific type of weak ionic bond.
Integral proteins
within the bilayer.
Peripheral proteins
Bound to the inside & outside surfaces.
Nucleus:
Contains genetic material in the form of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
Definition of concentration
how many molecules of a substance are in a solution.
Osmosis:
The movement of WATER through a semi-permeable membrane, from a low to high concentration.
Passive processes…
Do NOT require energy.
diffusion. facilitated diffusion. osmosis. filtration.
Active processes…
Do require ENERGY.
Active transport. endocytosis. exocytosis.
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis=bringing in solids.
Pinocytosis=bringing in liquids.
Isotonic:
When the extracellular fluid has the SAME concentration of a substance as the intracellular fluid.
Hypotonic:
When the extracellular fluid is LESS concentrated that the intracellular fluid. (can burst from too much water)
Hypertonic:
When the extracellular fluid is MORE concentrated than the intracellular fluid. (Shrinks from loss of water)
Osmotic pressure:
The force of H2O moving from one side of a membrane to the other.
Oncetic pressure:
Is the amound of pulling pressure needed to keep fluid from leaking out of the bloodstream by osmosis.
Maintained by a certain concentration of proteins in the blood.
Albumins:
Blood proteins, what keeps fluid inside the blood.
