Bio/Chem Review

Question 1

Smallest unit of an element is?

Answer 1

An Atom

Question 2

Ion

Answer 2

an atom that has lost of gained an electron, changing its charge.
Two types of ions.

Question 3

Cation

Answer 3

Ion with a positive charge.

Question 4

Anion

Answer 4

Ion with a negative charge.

Question 5

Types of bonds

Answer 5

Covalent= When atoms share electrons.
Ionic= When electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
Hydronic= A specific type of weak ionic bond.

Question 6

Integral proteins

Answer 6

within the bilayer.

Question 7

Peripheral proteins

Answer 7

Bound to the inside & outside surfaces.

Question 8

Nucleus:

Answer 8

Contains genetic material in the form of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

Question 9

Definition of concentration

Answer 9

how many molecules of a substance are in a solution.

Question 10

Osmosis:

Answer 10

The movement of WATER through a semi-permeable membrane, from a low to high concentration.

Question 11

Passive processes…

Answer 11

Do NOT require energy.

diffusion. facilitated diffusion. osmosis. filtration.

Question 12

Active processes…

Answer 12

Do require ENERGY.

Active transport. endocytosis. exocytosis.

Question 13

Endocytosis

Answer 13

Phagocytosis=bringing in solids.

Pinocytosis=bringing in liquids.

Question 14

Isotonic:

Answer 14

When the extracellular fluid has the SAME concentration of a substance as the intracellular fluid.

Question 15

Hypotonic:

Answer 15

When the extracellular fluid is LESS concentrated that the intracellular fluid. (can burst from too much water)

Question 16

Hypertonic:

Answer 16

When the extracellular fluid is MORE concentrated than the intracellular fluid. (Shrinks from loss of water)

Question 17

Osmotic pressure:

Answer 17

The force of H2O moving from one side of a membrane to the other.

Question 18

Oncetic pressure:

Answer 18

Is the amound of pulling pressure needed to keep fluid from leaking out of the bloodstream by osmosis.
Maintained by a certain concentration of proteins in the blood.

Question 19

Albumins:

Answer 19

Blood proteins, what keeps fluid inside the blood.