Immune System

Question 1

What is immunity?

Answer 1

The ability of an organism to defend itself.

Question 2

What are the bodies two defense mechanisms?

Answer 2

Non Specific (aka innate)
Specific (aka adaptive)

Question 3

Describe the Non-Specific immune response.

Answer 3

The immune system attacks all pathogens in the same way.

Question 4

Describe the Specific immune response

Answer 4

The immune system creates a tailor made responses. i.e. Antigens, B & T Cells

Question 5

What is the first line of defense?

Answer 5

Skin and mucus

Question 6

What is the second line of defense?

Answer 6

Inflammatory response, temperature etc (Non Specific response)

Question 7

What is the 3rd line of defense?

Answer 7

Immune system T & B Cells etc (Specific Response)

Question 8

What is a pathogen?

Answer 8

Foreign body that enters the system and can cause illness

Question 9

What is an Antigen?

Answer 9

They identifiers/markers made of protein that are found on each cells surface. (Antibody Generator)

Question 10

What is an epitope?

Answer 10

The region of the antigen that touches the Antibody

Question 11

Where would you find heavy chains?

Answer 11

The longer solid inside chains on Antibodies

Question 12

Where would you find Light chain?

Answer 12

The shorter, outside chains on Antibodies

Question 13

Where is the antigen binding site?

Answer 13

The tip of the Antibody

Question 14

Where is the constant and variable regions of an Antibody?

Answer 14

Constant region is the made body of the Antibody that dosen’t change
Variable is the tips of the ‘Y’ that change depending on the Antibody.

Question 15

What is the purpose of B Cells and where are they made?

Answer 15

They produce Antibodies and make memory cells.

Bone Marrow

Question 16

What is the function of T Cells, and where are they made and where do they mature?

Answer 16

T Cells ‘police’ the immune system and act as an Admiral. Once activated they clone making more copies of themselves. They communicate with the B Cells and Change into Killer T Cells to carry out cellular response, killing the infected human cells.

Question 17

What is Helper T Cells job?

Answer 17

They clone themselves first, instruct the B Cells to clone and then make memory B Cells and antibodies, they also change some of themselves into killer T Cells.

Question 18

What is the Humoral response?

Answer 18

When the T Cells tell the B Cells the antigen shape.

Activates more Macrophages

Question 19

What is cellular response?

Answer 19

This is when a Killer T cell kills an infected human cell, to prevent the other cells becoming infected.

Question 20

What WBC create pus?

Answer 20

Nutrophils.

Question 21

What is the purpose of Memory cells?

Answer 21

They keep a copy of the Antigen of the virus/bacteria so that should a second infection occur a quicker response can happen.

Question 22

With Antibodies attaching to the antigen, what is the 4 possible outcomes.

Answer 22

Neutralisation - All antigen sites get covered preventing the pathogen to enter a cell.
Agglutination - Causes the pathogens to get clumped together
Precipitation -
Complement reaction - (Flag waving)

Question 23

What is the name of active immunity receive after an infection?

Answer 23

Natural immunity

Question 24

What is the name of active immunity received after a vaccine?

Answer 24

Artificial immunity

Question 25

What is the name given to the passive immunity received from a mother to her child?

Answer 25

Natural passive immunity

Question 26

What is Artificial Passive Immunity?

Answer 26

An injection with a massive dose of Anti B’s in it i.e. Tetanus