History and Development of Microbiology Flashcards
What is Microbiology?
- The study of Organisms too small to be seen by the naked eye
- Using techniques and culture media to isolate and grown micro-organisms
- Microbiology is a large disapline whichimpact on other areas of Biology and human life
Name the two different types of cells?
- Prokaryotic
- Eukaryotic
Name the 5 different types of Micro-organisms
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Fungi
- Protozoa
- Prions (Man cows disease)
What 3 different methods can a microorganisms use to penetrate the body
- Ingestion
- Injection
- Inhalation
What is the Miasma Theory?
This was the theory that believed disease was carried in the air, by way of a posionous vapour.
What is Spontaneous Generation?
People used to believe that living matter could appear from non-living matter. ie maggots just appeared out of thin air rather than being dropped by flies!!
Francesco Redi (1626 - 1697) and Louis Pasteur (1822 - 1895) quashed this theory.
What was the name of the man who first observed micro-organisms through a microscope?
Francesco Stelluti (1625 -1630)
Who was the first person to Observed AND Described microorganisms?
Anthony Van Leeuwenhock (1632 - 1723)
What 3 scientific developments was Louis Pasteur responsible for?
- Proved spontaneous generation did not exist.
- Introduced aseptic technique
- Developed pasteurisation.
Who discovered penicillin and when?
Alexander Flemming - 1928
What was Robert Koch responsible for?
- He coined the conept of ‘Magic Bullet’
- That certain chemicals could kill certain bacteria.
- That certain bacteria caused certain diseases.
What are Kochs 4 Postulates?
- Microorganisms must be present in every case of the disease but absent from health organisms
- The suspected microorganisms must be isolated and grown in pure culture.
- The same disease must appear when the isolated microorganism is inoculated into a health host.
- The same microorganism must be isolated again from the diseased host.
What is the Germ Theory, who discovered it and how?
Germ theory states that some diseases are caused by microorganisms.
3 scientist where responsible for the Germ theory:
Ignaz Semmelweis (1818 - 1865) – discovered women under his care in maternity wings where at greater risk of death, than those under midwives care due to autopsies and poor handwashing technique.
John Snow (1813 - 1858) – Due to the Cholera outbreak in London effecting a confided water pump.
Louis Pasture (1822 – 1895) – after quashing spontaneous generation - swan necked bottles.
Who was responsible for evolving antiseptic surgery?
Joseph Lister
Who was responsible for the first vaccine and how did it evolve?
Robert Jenner (1749 -1823)
He noticed that cow maids never got small pox, they got cow pox a lesser strain.
So he understood that pus from the cow pox suffers prevented those maids getting small pox. He removed the pus and innoculated a boy subjecting and he failed to get small pox.
