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Microbiology > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

List the 6 features of Bacteria

A
  • Unicellular prokaryotes
  • No nucleus
  • DNA floats in the cytoplasm
  • Reproduce via Binary Fission
  • No mitochondria Rigid
  • Presence of a cell wall
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2
Q

What is the Bacteria cell wall made of?

A

Layers of Peptidoglycan

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3
Q

How are bacteria classified?

A
  • Gram staining
  • Food source
  • Energy Source
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4
Q

What is the name of Bacteria that gets food from an outside source? Explain how they get there energy and give an example.

A

Heterotrophs - These bacteria get energy from breaking down organic compounds.

Saprobes.

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5
Q

Used for classification, what are the two energy classifications?

A

Phototrophs & Chemotrophs

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6
Q

What are the names for the 3 ways in which bacteria has a relationship with Oxygen?

A
  • Obligate Aerobes
  • Obligate Anaerobes
  • Facultative Anaerobes
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7
Q

What does Aerobic mean?

A

This is a class of bacteria that uses oxygen for respiration. Without it the bacteria would die.

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8
Q

What does Anaerobic mean?

A

This is the class of bacteria that in the presence of oxygen would die, using anaerobic respiration instead.

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9
Q

What does Facultative Anaerobes mean and give an example?

A

This is where a bacterium in primarily Aerobic but in the absence of Oxygen, can switch to Anaerobic respiration.

Coliform Bacteria

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10
Q

What are the 5 shapes of Bacteria?

A
  • Spherical - Cocci
  • Rob - Bacilli
  • Spiral - Spirilla
  • Comma - Vibrios
  • Corkscrew - Spirochaetes
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11
Q

What are the names given to the 6 arrangements of Cocci?

A
  • Coccus
  • Diplicocci
  • Staphylococci
  • Streptococci
  • Sarcina
  • Tetrad
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12
Q

Give and example of a condition caused by Vibro bacteria

A

Septicemia

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13
Q

What are the 7 major structures of a bacteria cell?

A
  • Capsule/ Slime layer
  • Cell wall
  • Ribosomes
  • Nucleoid
  • Flagella
  • Pilli
  • Cytoplasm
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14
Q

What is the function of the capsule/slime layer and what is its proper name?

A

The slime layer is to enable the bacteria to stick to surfaces.

The capsule is to protect the bacteria.

The bacteria cell with not have both capsule & slime layer.

Glycocalax

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15
Q

What do Ribosomes do?

A

Create proteins

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16
Q

what are plasmids?

A

Circular - non coding- DNA, separate from the main nucleoid

17
Q

What is gram staining?

A

It is where Crystal violet stain is used to identity which group of bacteria a specimen belongs to.

18
Q

What is gram positive bacteria?

A

This is where the bacteria does not have a double membrane allowing the crystal violet stain to stain the cell wall.

19
Q

What is gram negative bacteria?

A

This is where the bacteria does have a double membrane thus preventing the crystal violet staining from reaching the cell wall.

20
Q

How do bacteria reproduce?

A

Asexually and divides through Binary Fission.

21
Q

What are the 4 stages in the bacteria reproduction cycle?

A
  • Lag phase - slow start
  • Exponential growth - where reproduction is very fast
  • Stationary phase - Where there is a flat line, all nutrients used or build up of waster
  • Death phase - Bacteria start to die due to starvation.
22
Q

How are bacteria counted?

A

A haemocytometer is a grid of microscopic chambers each with a know area and depth

23
Q

Name the 3 method used by bacteria to transfer plasmids/genetic material?

A

Transformation - it just picks up floating DNA

Conjugation - Pilli - Sex

Transduction - virus infects one and then infects another.

24
Q

What is Conjugation?

A

Where the exporting bacterium grow a tube called a pillus. This inserts into the receiving bacterium. A strand of the DNA uncoils from the plasmid and travels down the pillus into the receiving bacterium.

25
Q

What is an Endospore?

A

A bacteria that can grow a hardy shell to engulf the genetic material of the cell. Allowing it to lie dormant for a long period of time. When the conditions improve it can hatch free again.

26
Q

How does bacteria enter the body?

A
  • Ingestion
  • Inhalation
  • Injection
27
Q

What is Transduction?

A

This is when DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus.

28
Q

List some conditions/infections caused by Bacteria?

A
  • MRSA
  • Lymes
  • Typhoid Fever
  • Tuberculosis
  • Strep Throat
  • Salmonella
  • Pneumonia,
  • Toxic shock syndrome,
29
Q

Hetrotrophic bacteria. Give 3 examples of food sources?

A
  • Parasites
  • Saprophytes
  • Decomposers
30
Q

What are the 3 ways to control bacteria

A
  • Canning
  • Pasturisation
  • Dehydration

Microbiology (10 decks)

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