Immune system

Question 1

Phagocytes

Answer 1

1. Microbes have proteins on their surface called antigens
2. Phagocytes recognise antigens on the microbe as an invader
3. Phagocyte engulfs microorganism.

Question 2

Lymphocytes

Answer 2

1. Lymphocytes recognise specific antigen on the microorganism. Each strain has its own antigen
2. Antitoxins produced by lymphocytes to neutralise toxins from the microbe
3. Antibodies produced by lymphocytes have complementary shapes to the specific antigen on the microorganism’s surface

Question 3

Antibodies

Answer 3

Mark microbes for destruction
Clump microbes together to be destroyed at once

Question 4

Humoral response

Answer 4

1) Pathogen recognition
2) Activation of T helper cells
3) Activation of B cells
4) Plasma cell differentiation and antibody production
5) Memory B cells

Question 5

Cell mediated immune response

Answer 5

1) Pathogen recognition by antigen presenting cells
2) Activation of T cells
3) Clonal expansion of T cells
4) Formation of memory T cells