Digestive system

Question 1

oesophagus

Answer 1

peristaltic waves push the food down to the stomach lubricated by mucus

Question 2

stomach

Answer 2

creates HCl and lower pH to 2. Produces pepsinogen which is activated by HCl

Question 3

liver

Answer 3

-produces bile. emulsifies lipids to increase surface area for lipase enzymes to digest them
-neutralises stomach acid

Question 4

gall bladder

Answer 4

stores bile before sending it to the duodenum via the bile duct

Question 5

pancreas

Answer 5

produce enzymes that are transported to duodenum via the pancreatic duct

Question 6

duodenum

Answer 6

further digestion occurs on the epithelial cells on the villi
-sucrose digested by sucrase into glucose and fructose
-maltose digested by maltase into alpha glucose
-lactose digested by lactase into glucose and galactose

Question 7

ileum

Answer 7

-amino acids actively transported into the villi, facilitated diffusion into the capillaries in the villi
-glucose and other molecules- co-transport with sodium ions
-fatty acids and glycerol diffuse into epithelial cells

Question 8

serosa

Answer 8

tough outer coat of connected tissue

Question 9

muscle

Answer 9

Longitudinal muscles contract to shorten the gut and circular muscles contract to reduce diameter.
Peristalsis waves force food along the gut

Question 10

submucosa

Answer 10

contains blood and lymph vessels to remove digested food products

Question 11

mucosa

Answer 11

inner layer, secretes mucus for lubrication
secretes digestive juices/absorbs products in some areas

Question 12

epithelium

Answer 12

layer of cells in contact with food