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mental health nurse 3 > immune system > Flashcards

immune system Flashcards

1
Q

what does an immune system that is not working properly called?

A

immunocompromised

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2
Q

what is an autoimmune response ?

A

our body is attacking its own cells

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3
Q

rheumatoid arthritis and lupus are examples of

A

autoimmune disorders

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4
Q

normal protective immune response paradoxically turns against or attacks the body, leading to tissue damage

A

autoimmunity

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5
Q

body produces inappropriate or exaggerated responses to specific antigens

A

hypersensitivity

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6
Q

overproduction of immunoglobulins

A

gammopathies

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7
Q

primary immune deficiency

A

we’re born with it

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8
Q

secondary immune deficiency

A

usually acquired later in life maybe due to something we are exposed to

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9
Q

an example of secondary immune deficiency

A

HIV

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10
Q

main 4 components of the immune system:

A

central and peripheral lymphoid organs, tissues, and cells

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11
Q

what does the central contain

A

bone marrow and thymus

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12
Q

where are T cells and B cells formed and mature

A

Bone marrow

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13
Q

peripheral contains

A

spleen and lymph nodes

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14
Q

what does the spleen do?

A

functions as a filter, and filters out bacteria

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15
Q

are able to identify and trap foreign invaders and they remove them into their system before they reach our blood stream

A

lymph nodes

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16
Q

what are lymphocytes

A

a type of white blood cell

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17
Q

what cell is responsible for humoral (natural, we r born w it) immunity

A

B cells

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18
Q

B cells main function

A

is to make antibodies

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19
Q

which cell is responsible for cell mediated immunity

A

T cells

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20
Q

Three types of T cells

A

Cytotoxic
Helper
Suppressor

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21
Q

aka killer T cells. also called cd8 cells. they attach to abnormal or infected cells, make a hole in the membrane and inject an enzyme that kills.

A

cytotoxic

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22
Q

indicative of how much immunity we have. Cd4 Cells.

A

Helper cells

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23
Q

keep from attacking non harmful cells

A

Suppressor cells

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24
Q

natural resistance a person is born with, not specific, attacks anything to protect

A

natural or innate immunity

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25
Q

phagocyctic cells that r responsible for digesting and engulfing bacteria

A

neutrophils and macrophages

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26
Q

work more in circulation

A

neutrophils

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27
Q

work more in the tissue

A

macrophages

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28
Q

can disable things like cancer or disease

A

natural killer cells

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29
Q

found in places that come in contact with the outside environment like the skin, nose, and lungs

A

dendritic cells

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30
Q

leukocyte is another name for

A

wbc

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31
Q

leukocytes (wbc’s) are divided into

A

granulocytes and agranulocytes and has to do with whether they have granulose in their cytoplasm

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32
Q

three granulocytes

A

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

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33
Q

three agranulocytes

A

lymphocytes
monocytes
macrophages

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34
Q

largest quantity wbc, first to arrive on scene of infection

A

neutrophils

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35
Q

one of the lost important type of wbc. includes B cells and T cells. they recognize antigens, produce antibodies, and destroy cells

A

lymphocytes

36
Q

first to arrive for phagocytosis

37
Q
A

inflammatory response

38
Q

five cardinal signs of inflammation

A

warmth, redness, swelling,pain, decrease in function

39
Q

smth we acquire later in life. is specific . much more efficient because it targets specific invaders

A

squired or adaptive immunity

40
Q

from period of infection to development of specific HIV abtivodies aka primary or acute infection

41
Q

replication of HIV starts. Dramatic drop in cd4 count

42
Q

cd4 cells are now at 200-499

43
Q

cd4 drops below 200, considered aids

44
Q

what is medical management for HIV

A

antiretroviral therapy: ART

45
Q

prevents binding of the HIV virus to CD4 cell

A

CCR5 antagonist

46
Q

prevents fusion from happening basically prevents it from dumping its contents into the cd4 cell

A

fusion inhibitors

47
Q

use cautiously in ppl with lung disease and pregnancy

A

fusion inhibitors

48
Q

inhibits viral replication by blocking reverse transcriptase. So they inhibit the conversion of HIV rna into HIV dna

A

nucleoside and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

49
Q

inhibit the activity of the virus specific enzyme called integrase, an encoded enzyme needed for viral replication. So this stops replication

A

integrase inhibitors

50
Q

block protease activity within the HIV virus

A

protease inhibitors

51
Q

immunoglobulins aka

A

antibodies

52
Q

histamine, bradikinin, and prostaglandin are known as

A

chemical mediators

53
Q

what do the B cells do in an allergic reaction

A

make antibodies

54
Q

what do T cells do in an allergic reaction

A

they assist the B cells and destroy invaders

55
Q

what r some primary chemical mediators

A

histamine, eosinophil, platelet activating factor, prostaglandins

56
Q

secondary chemical mediators

A

leukotrienes, bradykinin, serotonin

57
Q

responsible for bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation

A

prostaglandins

58
Q

anaphylactic type of reaction. It’s the most severe. IgE mediated meaning it’s an antibody mediated reaction

59
Q

cytotoxic IgG or IgM mediated disorder

60
Q

immune complex mediated meaning u have an antibody that is free floating and it connects and binds to an antigen and they form this complex that eventually deposits itself on organs, tissues, in the walls of vessels and it can initiate an immune response which could lead to tissue damage to organ damage. this type is a lot of times is responsible for autoimmune disorders

61
Q

Delayed Reaction, T cells mediated

62
Q

Type 1 and Type 2 are _______ mediated

63
Q

Type 4 example

64
Q

type 2 reaction examples

A

Hemolytic transfusions
graves’ disease
myasthenia gravis

65
Q

causes the destruction of tissues and cells

66
Q

lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma

67
Q

examples of type 4 reaction

A

poison ivy, latex allergy

68
Q

which wbc is elevated in an allergic reaction

A

eosinophils

69
Q

what type of reactions could a latex allergy be

A

type 1 or type 4

70
Q

The donor and recipient are related or unrelated but share similar HLA types

A

Allogeneic

71
Q

the donor and recipient are identical twins

72
Q

the donor and recipient are the same person

A

autologous

73
Q

hyperacute is what type of hypersensitivity

74
Q

acute is what type of hypersensitivity reaction

75
Q

what type is chronic

A

type 3 and 4

76
Q

graft vs host is what type

77
Q

both work by blocking enzymes in the inflammatory process for rheumatoid arthritis

A

NSAIDS and COX-2 inhibitors

78
Q

monoclonal antibodies

A

antibodies or proteins that r cloned in the lab and they’re engineered to target particular types of cells. given as infusion. for lupus

79
Q

reduces autoantibodies in lupus

A

anti-malarials

80
Q

weakens the immune system to stop it from attacking healthy cells and tissues. They make us immunocompromised. for lupus

A

immunosuppressive agents like methotrexate

81
Q

which wbc’s are involved in allergic reactions and stress responses

A

eosinophils and basophils

82
Q

infection and vaccination, being exposed to a virus or an immunization are examples of

A

active immunity

83
Q

maternal antibodies like breast milk, monoclonal antibodies, immunoglobulin infusion are examples of

A

passive immunity

84
Q

clumping together of cells to be more visible

A

agglutination

85
Q

antibodies put sticky coating on the antigens to be more visible

A

opsonization

86
Q

medication that causes u to be immunocompromised

A

corticosteroids

mental health nurse 3 (7 decks)

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