Immune System Flashcards

Body Systems Review

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1
Q

infectious disease

A

pathogen-caused disease passed from one organism to another organism.

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2
Q

pathogen

A

agent, such as a bacterium, virus, protozoan, or fungus, that causes infectious disease.

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3
Q

Koch’s postulates

A

rules for demonstrating that an
organism causes a disease.

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4
Q

reservoir

A

source of a pathogen in the environment

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5
Q

endemic

A

found only in one geographic area

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6
Q

epidemic

A

large outbreak of a specific disease in a particular area

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7
Q

pandemic

A

widespread epidemic

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8
Q

antibiotic

A

substance that is
able to kill or inhibit the growth of some microorganisms.

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9
Q

complement protein

A

protein in blood plasma that
enhances phagocytosis.

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10
Q

interferon

A

antiviral protein secreted by virus-infected cells.

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11
Q

lymphocyte

A

white blood cell involved in specific immunity; a B cell or a T cell.

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12
Q

antibody

A

protein produced by B lymphocytes that specifically reacts with a foreign antigen.

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13
Q

B cell

A

antibody producing B lymphocyte

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14
Q

helper T cell

A

lymphocyte that activates antibody secretion in B cells and cytotoxic T cells.

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15
Q

cytotoxic T cell

A

lymphocyte that destroys pathogens and releases cytokines when activated.

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16
Q

memory cell

A

long-lived lymphocyte produced during exposure to an antigen during the primary immune response; can function in future immune response to the
same antigen.

17
Q

immunization

A

vaccination: develops active immunity

18
Q

for a pathogen to spread it must have: (2 things)

A
  1. source
    *Animals (ex. Rabies, swine
    flu)
    *People
    * inanimate objects like soil
    (tetanus) & contaminated
    food/water
  2. route of transmission
    *Direct contact
    *Indirect contact (air/objects)
    *Vectors (ex. Mosquitoes)
19
Q

virus growth, replication, and treatment

A

*Virus is non-living.
* It is made of either DNA or RNA
surrounded by a protein coat.
* It can’t replicate on its own -
needs a host cell.
*Antibiotics do NOT work.
*There are some antiviral meds
available.

20
Q

bacteria growth, replication, and treatment

A

*Bacteria are simple prokaryote
cells.
*No nucleus or other membrane
bound organelles
*They do not enter a host cell.
*Treated with antibiotics.

21
Q

type of disease patterns

A

endemic, epidemic, pandemic

22
Q

carrier

A

An individual that is symptom-free but capable of passing the pathogen.

23
Q

non-specific immunity

A
  1. Barriers
    A. skin (unbroken)
    B. Chemical barriers (tears, saliva, nasal secretions,
    mucus)
  2. Cellular Defense
    A. white blood cells
    B. Interferon: protein that helps prevent
    virus replication
    C. Inflammatory response (cause pain, heat, &
    redness to attract white blood cells)
24
Q

antigen

A

any foreign
substance that triggers an
immune response

25
Q

anti____ fight anti____

A

antibodies fight antigens

26
Q

specific immunity

A
  1. humoral immunity - b cells
    *Also makes memory cells that can quickly trigger another round of
    B cells/antibodies when exposed in the future.
  2. cell-mediated immunity - T cells directly attack specific
    foreign invaders
27
Q

how do vaccines help people fight infection

A

A vaccine deliberately
exposes the body to an antigen. This causes B-Cells to divide and produce antibodies and
then immune memory
cells will develop.

28
Q

what does hiv result in, how is hiv transmitted, and what happens if it is untreated?

A

hiv can result in aids.

it is transmitted through bodily fluids from an infected person

if untreated, it infects helper T cells that infect other helper T cells. a person’s immune system fails, people die from secondary infections (like pneumonia) that their body cannot fight anymore.