Circulatory System

Question 1

artery

Answer 1

elastic, thick-walled blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart

Question 2

capillary

Answer 2

microscopic, one-cell-wall thick blood vessel where exchange of materials occurs between blood and body cells.

Question 3

vein

Answer 3

blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood TO the heart

Question 4

valve

Answer 4

one of the tissue flaps in veins that prevents backflow of blood

Question 5

heart

Answer 5

hollow, muscular organ that pumps oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 6

pacemaker

Answer 6

heart’s sinoatrial node, which initiates contraction of the heart.

Question 7

plasma

Answer 7

clear, yellowish fluid portion of the blood.

Question 8

red blood cell

Answer 8

hemoglobin-containing, disc-shaped, short-lived blood cell that lacks a nucleus and that transports oxygen to all the body’s cells.

Question 9

platelet

Answer 9

flat cell fragment that functions in blood clotting

Question 10

white blood cell

Answer 10

large, nucleated, disease-fighting
blood cell produced in the bone marrow

Question 11

atherosclerosis

Answer 11

circulatory system disorder in which arteries are blocked,
restricting blood flow

Question 12

circulatory system structures

Answer 12

heart, blood, blood vessels [arteries, veins, capillaries]

Question 13

arteries and veins structure

Answer 13

outer layer: connective tissue
middle layer: smooth muscle
inner layer: endothelial tissue

Question 14

circulatory system functions

Answer 14

1. transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste
2. carries disease-fighting materials produced by the immune system
3. contains cell fragments and proteins for blood clotting
4. distributes heat throughout the body to help regulate body temperature

Question 15

blood circulation path (one direction)

Answer 15

O2 poor blood –> right atrium –> right ventricle –> lungs (now blood is O2 rich) –> left atrium –> left ventricle –> body

Question 16

4 components of blood

Answer 16

1. red blood cells/erythrocytes
   – carry O2 and CO2
   - contain hemoglobin which binds O2 and CO2
2. white blood cells/leukocytes
   - body’s defense to help fight against infections and diseases
   - also considered part of the immune system
3. platelets
   - blood clots for wound sites
4. plasma
   - substance with glucose, fats, vitamins, minerals, hormones, and waste products from the cells

Question 17

5 additional things in blood

Answer 17

1. digested food
2. waste (urea)
3. hormones
4. carbon dioxide
5. oxygen