Immune Responses I Flashcards
IL-1
from macros
fever
acute inflammation
activate endothelium adhesion molecules
IL-6
from macros
fever
stimulate acute phase reactant production
IL-8
from macros
chemotactic factor for neutrophils
IL-12
from macros
induce T cells - to Th1 cells
activate NK cells
TNF-a
from macros
mediate septic shock
activate endothelium
WBC recruitment
vascular leak
cachexia
TNF -a
IL-2
from all T cells
stimulate growth of helper, cytotoxic, reg T cells
stimulate grwoth NK cells
IL-3
from all T cells
stimulate growth and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells
IFN-gamma
from Th1 cells
stimulate macrophage
and activate NK cell
IL-4
from Th2 cell
induce differentiation into Th2 cells
promote B cell growth
enhanced class switching - IgE and IgG
IL-5
from Th2 cells
promote differentiation of B cells
class switch to IgA cells
growth and differentiation of eosinophils
IL-10
from Th2 cells
modulate inflammation
decreased MHC class II and Th1 cytokines
inhibit macros and dendritic cells
inhibitors of immune response
IL-10
TGF-B
NADPH oxidase deficiency
chronic granulomatous disease
no O2 to superoxide - O2-
superoxide dismutase
O2- to H2O2
myeloperoxidase
H2O2 and Cl to HClO
bacterial catalase
H2O2 to H2O and O2
glutathione reductase
require selenium
selenium
for both glutathione reductase and peroxidase
bleach
HClO
hypochlorite
formed by myeloperoxidase
respiratory burst
activation of phagocte NADPH oxidase
-use O2 to form superoxide
color of sputum
blue green
from myeloperoxidase
phagocyte of patient with chronic granulomatous disease
use H2O2 from organism to generate ROS
increased risk infection of catalase positive species
-bc these can get rid of H2O2
staph aureus, aspergillus
pyocyanin of pseudomonas
generate ROS to kill competing microbes
interferon a and B
defense RNA and DNA viruses
glycoproteins
-act locally on uninfected cells
prime them for viral defense
-help selectively degrade viral nucleic acid and protein
result in apoptosis - disrupt viral amplification
MHC class I
on all nucleated cells
not RBCs
T reg cells
CD4
CD25
CD28
on T cells
binds B7 - on B cells and APCs
CD16
NK cells
CD56
NK cell
CD34
hematopoietic stem cells
CD14 and CD40
macros
anergy
stage where cell cannot be activated by exposure to its antigen
if T or B cell activated without costimulatory signal
mechanism of self tolerance
superantigens
cross link beta region fo T cell receptor to MHC class II
activate any CD4 T cell
massive release of cytokines
RNA segment assortment
influenza virus
segmented RNA virus
salmonella variation
2 flagellar variants
n. gonorrhea antigen variation
pilus protein
