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Foundations 5 > Immune Response to Bacteria > Flashcards

Immune Response to Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Extracellular in interstial space, blood, lymph

A

Complement, phagocytosis, antibodies

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2
Q

Extracellular on epithelial surface

A

Antimicrobial peptides, IgA

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3
Q

Immune complexes often cause

A

Kidney dz

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4
Q

Anti-host antibody effect of bacteria.

A

Rheumatic fever

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5
Q

Cell-mediated immunity response to bacteria common dz

A

Tuberculosis

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6
Q

Direct mech of tissue damage

A

Exo/endotoxins and idrect cytopathic effects

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7
Q

Indirect mech of tissue damage

A

Immune complex, anti-host antibodies, Cell-mediated immunity

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8
Q

What phase does response shift from innate to adaptive

A

Inductive- mostly innate

Effector - mostly adaptive

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9
Q

What is first phase is bacteria crosses threshold

A

Inductive phase

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10
Q

1st line of defense

A

Epithelial layer

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11
Q

What causes redness

A

Local infection of the tissues and leakage of the epithelium

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12
Q

How can complement be activated that is not in blood>

A

Activated in tissues by macrophages

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13
Q

things on skin that protect

A

Low temp and pH
antimicrobial peptides
Normal flora

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14
Q

Receptors of neutrophil that are important

A

FcR and Cr1

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15
Q

Neutrophils attracted by

A

IL-8

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16
Q

TNF alpha important because

A

It is produced by innate cells and makes endothelium more porous

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17
Q

Neutrophils can kill by

A 
ROS 
Antimicrobial peptides
Proteinases
Acid hydrolases
Proteins that sequester nutrients
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18
Q

Activating signals produced by antibody binding to macrophage

A

Production of cytokines or activate complement

Macrophage will phagocytose the bacterium

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19
Q

If a microbe blocks NADPH oxidase or RNS

A

The bacteria will become an intracellular bacteria and not killed in the lysosome

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20
Q

Innate B-1 cells

A 
Produced in fetal liver 
Few N regions because less TdT 
Peritoneal and pleural cavities
Self-renewing 
Produces lots of IgM 
No need for T cell help 
Low hypermutation memory
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21
Q

B-1 cells main function

A

Produce high levels of IgM (natural antibody) in order to bind carbs non-specifically…helpful mostly for extracellular bacteria because they have polysaccharide capsule

22
Q

Important organism for capsule variability

A

Strep pneumo

Normally would have to have a different antibody response generated for each bacteria…B-1 cells allow quicker neutralization of the bacteria

23
Q

Il-17 and TNF stimulae

A

Inflammation

24
Q

IFN-gamma stimulate

A 
Macrophage activation (phagocytosis)
Also can induce class switch to IgG
25
Q

Cytoplasmic bacteira response and organisms

A

Chlamydia, Listeria

NK cells and CD8 cell response

26
Q

Vesicular bacteria response and organisms

A

Legionella, Mycobacterium, Yersinia

T cell and NK cell dependent macrophage activation through IFN gamma and TNF production that activates phagolysosome

27
Q

NK cells induced by and produce

A

IL-12 and produce IFN-gamma

28
Q

T cells produce

A

CD40L (on surface to activate macrophage)

IFN-gamm

29
Q

Cytoplasmic bacteria bind

A

NOD receptors and leads to NFkB activation

30
Q

If something survives in the phagolysosome then

A

It may escape to cytoplasm and you may need a CD8 response

31
Q

Intravesicular bacteria MHC presentation

A

MHC class 2 will activate CD4 cells that will produce IFN-gamma that activates macrophages

32
Q

T cell activates macrophage by

A

CD40L binding and IFN gamma production

33
Q

CD40L/CD40 problems means

A

Hyper IgM…more susceptible to pyogenic and pneumocystis

Different than AID deficient Hyper IgM

34
Q

Activated macrophage

A

MHC class 1 and 2
NO and O2 production
Secretes IL-12 and TNF-alpha (TNF alpha is autocrine)
B7 molecules

Called an M1 macrophage

35
Q

M2 macrophage

A

More about tissue repair and wound healing IL-4 and IL-13

36
Q

IFN gamma and CD40L effects

A

Activate M1 macrophages to phagocytose bacteria

37
Q

FasL and LT-beta effects

A

Induce apoptosis and kills chornically infected cells

38
Q

IL-3 and GM-CSF effects

A

Induces monocyte mobilization and differentiation in bone marrow

39
Q

TNF-alpha and LT-alpha effects

A

Activates endothelium

40
Q

CCL2 effects

A

Chemokine

41
Q

Neonates tend to have more of a ___ response

A

Th2 - not as good at intracellular

42
Q

Mycobacterial infections (tuberculosis)

A

Dependent on Th1 - secretes IFN-gamma
Lives in phagosomes and prevents lysosome from fusing to it
Forms a granuloma

43
Q

Granuloma breaks open when

A

CD4 cells are damaged or disappear…can be HIV, cancer, chemo, etc.

44
Q

DTH response

A

Seen often in intracellular pathogens

Wait a period of time and get a Th1 memory T cell response to an antigen

45
Q

Which cytokines inhibit classical macrophage activation and where are they from

A

Th2

IL 10, 4, and 13

46
Q

Which cytokines produce classical activation and where do they come from

A

Th1

TNF and IFN-gamma

47
Q

Mycobacterium leprae different response

A

Th1 - tuberculoid leprosy

Th2 - lepromatous leprosy (high bacterial count)

48
Q

Which inhibit fusion of phagosome with lysosome

A

Tuberculosis, leprae, listerio pneumophi

49
Q

Which survive in the phagolysosome

A

Tuberculosis, M leprae

50
Q

Which escape phagosome into the cytosol

A

L monocytogenes (listeriolysin 0) and shigella

Foundations 5 (13 decks)

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