Feddock Capstone Podcast

Question 1

Skin natural barriers

Answer 1

Dry and acidic
Growth inhibiting fatty acids and antimicro peptides
Stratified epithelial surface

Question 2

Mucosal surface

Answer 2

Lysozyme
Mucociliary blanket
Stomach acid and proteolytic enzymes
Peristalsis and proteolytic enzymes of ntestines

Question 3

Extracellular complement activations

Answer 3

MBL and alternativer

Question 4

Extracellular alternative pathway

Answer 4

Spontaneous dissociation of C3-C3b binds bacterial surface

Question 5

MBL Extracell pathway

Answer 5

MBL binds polysacchs on surface of bacteria

Question 6

Functions of complement

Answer 6

Cytolysis - MAC
Chemotaxis (C5a)
Opsonization (C3b)
Anaphylatoxin (C3a and C5a)…bind mast cells/basophils and induce histamine release…vasodilation and increased cap permeability

Question 7

Initiation of extracellular response

Answer 7

PRRs on dendritic cells, macros, or PMNS

Could be TLRs

Question 8

Macrophage activation in extracellular response

Answer 8

Cascade to activate NFkB (IL1, IL6, TNFalpha production and prostaglandin production)
Phagocytosis (engulf in phagosome…fuse with lysosome…process easier with C3b or Ig present)

Question 9

Macrophages produce what in extracellular response

Answer 9

Macros produce growth factors like (TNFalpha, IL1, GMCSF stimulate bone marrow production…TNFalpha and IL1 stimulate adhesion molecule expression)

Question 10

Neutrophil activation of extracell respnse

Answer 10

Phagocytosis…neutrophils die and form pus once phagocytosed

Question 11

Neutrophil migration

Answer 11

Inflamed tissue increases adhesion molecule expression (selectins and ICAMS on capillary endothelial cells)

Nuetrophil integrins bind adhesion molecules…diapedesis into tissue spaces and follow chemokines to site of infection

Question 12

Dendritic cell activity in extracellular

Answer 12

IL12 production (via NFkB)
Antigen presentation (once antigen ingested, migrate to peripheral lymphoid site, present on MHC class 2, bind helper T to activate helper T via CD28/B7 interaction)

Question 13

Th2 cells

Answer 13

IL4 will stimulate B cell differentiation and IgE production (host defense against parasites and humoral immunity)

Question 14

Th17 cells

Answer 14

Produce IL-17
Recruit neutrophils to sites of infection…host defense against fungi and extracellular bacteria
Inflammation and autoimmunity

Question 15

T independent activation location, type of antigen, how activated, differentiation and secretion

Answer 15

Marginal zone of lymphoid tissue
Simple (often carb)
BCR binds polysacch and cross link 
Short lived plasma cells 
Secretion of IgM

Question 16

IgG functions

Answer 16

Neutralization 
Opsonization
Complement classical 
ADCC
Neonatal immunity
Feedback inhibition of B cell activation

Question 17

IgM functions

Answer 17

Classical complemement

Question 18

IgA

Answer 18

Mucosal immunity

Question 19

IgE

Answer 19

Eosinophil and mast cell mediated defense against helminths

Question 20

Macrophage intracellular response

Answer 20

Ingest and destroy as it would have

Recognition by TLRs and NLRs Produce TNFalpha, IL12 and IFNgamma

Question 21

Bacteria that espace destruction

Answer 21

Replicate within macrophage
induce apoptosis
Further spread to other cells

Question 22

Activated macrophages in intracellular secrete

Answer 22

TNFalpha that stimulates bone marrow production and expression of adhesion molecules

Question 23

Activated neutrophils

Answer 23

Phagocytosis and die (same as extracellular)

Question 24

NK cell mechanism

Answer 24

NK cells release granules and IFNgamma and TNFalpha…recognize down regulated MHC 1 cells

Question 25

Th1

Answer 25

Secrete IFNgamma
Activates macrophages to kill intracellular microbes
Host defense against viruses and intracellular bacteria
CMI

Question 26

Steps of granuloma

Answer 26

Innate - macro and neutro
Immune - add T cells
Chronic - add fibrotic encapsulatyion