Immune Dysfunction Flashcards
What aspect of our immune system is rapid, non-specific, and does not provide long-lasting protection?
Innate Immunity
has no memory, but the response is always identical
S3
What are the 4 cellular components of the innate immunity system?
- Neutrophils
- Macrophages
- Monocytes
- NK cells (Natural Killer Cells)
S4
What cell (of the innate immunity response) responds the fastest to infection?
Neutrophils
S4
What cell (of the innate immunity response) provides a slower but more prolonged response to infection?
Macrophages
S4
What are the characteristics and actions of neutrophils?
- Migrate rapidly to bacterial infections
- Release cytokines to phagocytize
- ½ life is 6 hours
- Sensitive to acidic infection environments
- Become purulent exudate
S6
What type of immune cell is the largest blood cell and what is their role?
- Monocytes (largest blood cell)
- Circulates to specific tissue areas to differentiate into macrophages
not mentioned in lecture - but the chart also shows them turning into dendritic cells - and we know how tricky they like to be
S7
What are the pertinent characteristics of monocytes/macrophages?
- Mobilize just after neutrophils
- Phagocytic destruction via NO & cytokines
- Persist at site in chronic infections (fight infection long term)
S7
What cells play a major role in allergies, asthma, and eczema?
Basophils and Mast cells
S8
What characteristics does Adaptive Immunity possess?
- Present only in Vertebrates
- Delayed onset of action
- Capable of memory and specific antigen response
Vaccinations are also a form of adaptive memory
S10
What are the cellular components of the adaptive immunity system?
Helper T-cells
Cytotoxic T-cells
S11
Where do T-cells originate? Where do they mature?
T-cells originate in the bone marrow and mature in the Thymus.
S11
What is hypersensitivity?
Foreign antigen reaction which causes altered T-cell and antibody response
Response varies from uncomfortable rash to fatal anaphylaxis
S14
What occurs during a Type I Allergic Response?
- 1st exposure: T-Cells stimulate B cells to produce IgE immediately
- 2ⁿᵈ exposure: Antigen releases Ca⁺⁺ → histamine, inflammatory mediators, heparin are released.
(Histamine triggers: bronchostriction, Vascular permeability, vasodilation, gastric acid)
S15
What are common drugs used to prevent the histamine effects of Type I allergic responses?
- Antihistamines
- Cromolyn Na⁺
- Bronchodilators
- COX Inhibitors
- Diagnostic allergen tests
- small doses of allergen to desensitize
S16
What is another name for Type II Allergic Responses?
What mediates these types of responses?
What is the reaction severity and time?
- Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity
- Mediated by IgG, IgM, and Complement system → activate B-cells → produce antibodies.
- Severity will vary - reaction time in minutes or hours
mediated by GMC
S17
