Immune Drugs (ABX, anti parasite) Flashcards
Iron lowers the absorption rate of these two antibiotics
Tetracycline & Doxycycline
Anti-fungal that works by inhibiting the P450 system of mycoses. It may however have a small effect on humans as well therefore liver enzymes should be monitored. It is also contraindicated with warfarin use
Fluconazole
What two antibiotics have antimicrobial activity against pneumocystis jiroveci
Sulfamethoxazole & Trimethoprim
What antibiotic may cause pseudotumor cerebri
Tetracycline
This antibiotic should not be used after expiration due to increased risk of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity (Falconi’s syndrome)
Doxycycline
These two antibiotics are contraindicated in individuals with G6PD deficiency.
Sulfamethoxazole & Trimethoprim
This antibiotic increases the effects of warfarin and lithium. It should not be given in the first trimester of pregnancy or with lactation. It is also contraindicated in liver disease
Metronidazole
This medication increases the risk of nephrotoxicity when taken with cephalosporins
Aminoglycosides
This antibiotic works by inhibiting DNA gyrase.
It should not be given with aluminum or magnesium antacids because it creates insoluble salts with this antibiotic. It can reduce serum antibiotic levels by 90%
Ciprofloxacin
This antibiotic can be given to beta-hemolytic streptococcus, Strep pyogenes, and MRSA. It is also used in impetigo (S.aureus)
Mupirocin
May cause argyria (blue discolouration of the skin).
Silver nitrate
This antibiotic has antimicrobial activity against mycobacterium and mycoplasma (walking pneumonia).
This antibiotic may decrease caffeine excretion therefore coffee abstinence is recommended
Ciprofloxacin
You need to monitor methemoglobin levels while on this medication because it increases the methemoglobin (ferric-containing hemoglobin, as opposed to the standard ferrous-containing Hgb) levels in the blood that ultimately reduces oxygen delivery to the tissue.
Silver nitrate
What antibiotic class is most likely to cause pseudomembranous colitis?
Cephalosporins
This medication should be discontinued if seizures or paraesthesia begin; due to its neurotoxic adverse effects
Metronidazole
This medication should not be used in mayasthenia gravis or SLE because it may exacerbate the respective conditions
Tetracyclines & Doxycycline
This antibiotic reduces the absorption of iron and calcium. It is often used for moderately severe acne. It used to be indicated in many other infections but mass resistance has occurred
Tetracyclines (not doxycycline though)
What antibiotic has unpredictable interactions with erythromycin, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol
Beta-lactams (Amoxicillin/Penicillin)
This medication has a potentially fatal interaction with Astemizole and terfenadine. It also has a serious risk of toxicity when taken with digoxin, theophylline, cyclosporine, and bromocriptine.
Azithromycin
This antimicrobial is bactericidal and may cause pseudomembranous colitis, hypoprothrombinemia, and vitamin K deficiency
Cephalexin
What antibiotic classes have antimicrobial activity against spirochetes?
Macrolides, Beta-lactams, Tetracyclines
Antimicrobial activity against haemophilus influenzae, E. coli, Listeria, proteus mirabilis, salmonella, shigella, and enterococci
Amoxicillin
Mnemonic = Amoxicillin HELPSS against enterococci
i. ) Clinical Use
a. ) roundworm infection (ascariasis), tapeworm infection, hookworm infection, whipworm infection
ii. ) Mechanism
a. ) Destroys microtubules in parasitic worms
iii. ) Side Effects
a. ) This medication is not absorbed, therefore the medication is generally safe
iv. ) Contraindications
a. ) may be teratogenic
Mebendazole
Used in oral candidiasis. This medication can be swished and swallowed. Systemically it is toxic but orally very little is absorbed.
Nystatin
Guanosine (nucleoside) analog that inhibits viral DNA polymerase by chain termination. It works against HSV, VZV, EBV. This medication also potentiates Zidovudine in HIV treatment.
Acyclovir
In what type of person is Zidovudine’s toxicity potentiated in?
Obese people
i. ) Clinical Use
a. ) Rheumatoid Arthritis & Sjogren’s
b. ) Lupus
c. ) Malaria
ii. ) Mechanism
a. ) DMARD anti-inflammatory by blocking Toll-like receptors
iii. ) Side Effects
a. ) Nausea
b. ) Altered Eye pigmentation & Toxicity to the cornea/macula (toxicity is r/t dosage and length of time taking)
c. ) Anemia
d. ) Bleaching of hair
e. ) Blisters in mouth & eyes
iv. ) Contraindications
a. ) G6PD
b. ) Children
c. ) Pregnancy & Lactation
Hydroxychloroquine
Inhibits squalene epoxidase in trichophyton & candida species of fungi. It is used to treat dermatophytoses, especially onychomycosis
Terbinafine
Used for anaerobic respiratory infections (Clostridium, bacteroides), aspiration pneumonia, and abscesses. It can also be applied topically for acne, and given orally in some cases of MRSA
Clindamycin
This anti-fungal agent may cause Steven-Johnson Syndrome, pancytopenia, visual disturbances, vertigo, and hepatic failure.
Terbinafine
3rd generation cephalosporin used in acute appendicitis, otitis media, and respiratory infections such as community pneumonia and strep throat
Cefidinir
i. ) Clinical Use
a. ) Chronic Hepatitis B & C (minimally effective in HepC genotype 1b)
b. ) Kaposi’s sarcoma
c. ) Renal Cell carcinoma
d. ) Esophageal or Colorectal Cancer (given with 5-FU)
e. ) Metastatic Malignant Melanoma
ii. ) Mechanism
a. ) Antiviral - inhibiting protein synthesis & inducing apoptosis in host cells
iii. ) Side Effects
a. ) Mild Bone Marrow Suppression
b. ) Hair Loss & Sexual Dysfunction
c. ) Depression & Insomnia
d. ) Debilitating Fatigue
iv. ) Contraindications
a. ) Pregnancy
b. ) Renal insufficiency
c. ) Hypothyroidism
d. ) Thrombocytopenia
e. ) Organ transplant, Diabetes, Autoimmune diseases
Interferon-alpha
This topical agent should not be applied to the breast if breastfeeding because it is a neurotoxin if ingested
Permethrin
A medication that inhibits TNF-alpha, which long-term may result in reactivation of latent infections or (rarely) cause lymphoma.
Adalimumab
A medication that can be given concomitantly with methotrexate in RA, that nearly doubles the response rate
Adalimumab
This anti-fungal is used as a single dose for vaginal candidiasis. It may cause gynecomastia in men and can be used to treat hypercortisolemia.
Fluconazole
Often used in diaper rash this medication has the same mechanism of action as amphotericin B (binds to ergosterol?
Nystatin
i. ) Clinical Use
a. ) HIV/AIDS and prevent transmission to fetus
b. ) Post-exposure prophylaxis
ii. ) Mechanism
a. ) Nucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase
iii. ) Side Effects
a. ) Neutropenia from bone marrow suppression (80%)
b. ) Peripheral Neuropathy
c. ) Myalgia and muscle wasting
d. ) Encephalitis & Seizures
iv. ) Contraindications
a. ) Bone marrow failure
b. ) Myositis
c. ) Caution with obesity (may increase toxicity)
Zidovudine
