Immune-4 Flashcards
what are 2 main drug classes
biologics and small molecules
what is the size of small molecules
less than 900Da (low MW)
what is the structure of small molecules
well defined
what is the target of small molecules
well known receptors or enzymes
what are biologics
pharmaceutical drug product manufactured in, extracted from, or semi synthesized from biological sources
what are some examples sources of biologics
blood, blood products, cells, tissues, organs, xenographs, gene therapies, vaccines, biotechnology
what are xenographs
transplantation of living cells, tissues or organs from one species to another
what are 3 examples of targeted therapeutic proteins (recognize the target specifically)
- antibodies
- antibody fusion proteins
- antibodies conjugates
what are therapeutic antibodies based on
normal functions of immunoglobulins
what are 3 normal functions of immunoglobulins
- circulate in blood and lymphatic system
- bind to antigens expressed on cells
- cells bound to antibodies are marked for destruction by macrophages and complement
what are 2 examples of using antibodies therapeutically
bind to human antigens (cancer)
neutralize growth factors
which is the fab domain
antigen binding fragment, complementariyy determining regions, define antigen specificity
which is the fc domain
has binding domains for comlement fixation and binding to cellular Fc receptors
what is in the light chain
1 variable region and 1 constant region
what is in the heavy chain
1 variable region and 3 constant regions
what is the difference between polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies
poly makes it have the affinity for the same antigen but different epitopes, monoclonal is just one epitope
what is an epitope
Epitope = the part of an antigen molecule to which an antibody attaches itself
does one antigen have many or one epitope
many
what are the 4 types of monoclonal antibodies and the %
murine(0%), chimeric(65%), humanized(>90%), fully human(100%)
which monoclonal antibody has the highest potential for immunogenecity
murine
which monoclonal antibody has the lowest potential for immunogenecity
fully human
which monoclonal antibody is omab
murine
which monoclonal antibody is ximab
chimeric
which monoclonal antibody is zumab
humanized
which monoclonal antibody is umab
fully human
what do you call chimeric antibody
ximab