1-metabolism Flashcards
what kind of disease is type 1 diabetes
autoimmune disease
what 3 main things are linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease
hypercholesterolemia, obesity, type 2 diabetes
what is dyslipidemia (2 definitions)
is elevation of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), or both, or a low HDL cholesterol
also disorders of lipoprotein metabolism (genetic or acquired)
what 2 conditions are associated with dyslipidemia
obesity and type 2 diabetes
what is the major risk factor for atherosclerosis
dyslipidemia
what is the most common cause of heart attacks and strokes
atherosclerosis
how does atherosclerosis cause heart attacks and strokes
clot forms on atherosclerotic plaque
what is plaque formation
focal accumulation of lipids in inner lining of large and medium sized arteries
what happens to blood flow with more plaque
it can be partially or totally blocked
what happens to vessels flexibility with plaque
ability to constrict or dilate is compromised
what happens once there is a rupture of the plaque
a clot with form
what happens once the endothelium gets damaged (5)
expression of adhesion molecules, recruitment of monocytes & macrophages, generations of free radicals, taking up oxidized LDL to form foam cells
what 5 things accumulate with endothelial damage
accumulation of connective & elastic tissues, cell debris, cholesterol crystals, Ca++
what are 3 main things that happen in the development of atherosclerosis
endothelial damage, migration of muscle cells, inflammatory fibro-proliferative response
what is atheroma
formation of dense fibrous cap over lipid-rich core
what is the inflammatory fibro-proliferative response
the formation of atheroma (formation of dense fibrous cap over lipid-rich core)
why do you get a clot when the plaque tears
because RBC, WBC, macrophages clot together to try to repair the rupture (body sees it as injury, do immune response)
what 3 things can happen after plaque formation
- bleeding into the plaque
- formation of blood clots
- rupture due to plaque instability
what does myocardial ischemia lead to
infarction
what does cerebral ischemia lead to
stroke
what does peripheral arterial occlusion lead to
gangrene and amputation
what does kidney damage lead to
renal failure
what 4 behavioural factors cause atherosclerosis
high-fat diets. obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes
what are 2 examples if dyslipidemia
genetic + acquired
