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PMCOL 344 > GI - Crohn's and Colitis > Flashcards

GI - Crohn's and Colitis Flashcards

1
Q

what does IBS stand for

A

irritable bowel syndrome

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2
Q

what IBS disorder

A

a functional disorder

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3
Q

does IBS come with inflammation

A

no

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4
Q

does IBD come with inflammation

A

yes

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5
Q

what does IBD stand for

A

inflammatory bowel disease

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6
Q

what are 2 types of IBD

A

ulcerative colitis and crohns disease

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7
Q

what category of bowel issue contains

ulcerative colitis and crohns disease

A

IBD

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8
Q

what is the major difference with IBD and IBS

A

IBD has inflammation, IBS does not

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9
Q

what is

ulcerative colitis and crohns disease (general, 4 things)

A

autoimmune, inflammatory, severe, progressive

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10
Q

what characterizes IBS

A

bouts of cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, diarrhea

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11
Q

what are the long term effects on bowel of IBS

A

none

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12
Q

what are the structural effects on bowel of IBS

A

none

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13
Q

what kind of disorder is IBS

A

functional

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14
Q

how do IBS bowel look in colonoscopy

A

normal

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15
Q

how do IBS epithelial cells function appear

A

to be normal

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16
Q

what % of population has IBS symptoms

A

20%

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17
Q

which subset of population gets more IBS

A

women before 35

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18
Q

is IBS chronic

A

yes

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19
Q

what are 5 possible causes of IBS

A

food sensitivities, stress, bacterial infection, hormones, alteration of 5-HT reuptake into neurons

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20
Q

what does increased GI motility lead to

A

diarrhea

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21
Q

what does decreased GI motility lead to

A

constipation

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22
Q

how do you generally try to treat IBS

A

symptomatically

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23
Q

what are 3 symptom treatments for IBS

A

diet, stress, laxatives/antidiarrheals

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24
Q

what drug do you use for constipation dominant IBS

A

lubiprostone

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25
Q

what is lubiprostone used for

A

drug for constipation dominant IBS

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26
Q

what is the mechanism of lubiprostone

A

binds to EP4 receptors, increase cAMP, activate CFTR (Cl-), stimulates fluid secretion

27
Q

what is the structure of lubiprostone

A

analogue of PGE1

28
Q

what does lubiprostone do to transit of gut contents

A

speeds up

29
Q

how does lubiprostone speed up gut (physically, not like receptor stuff)

A

increases fluid in stool to stretch gut and speed it up

30
Q

what happens when lubiprostone activates EP4 receptors

A

increase cAMP and activate epithelial Cl- channels (CFTR) to stimulate fluid secretion

31
Q

how does Cl- channel activation stimulate water secretion

A

Cl- movement creates an osmotic gradient, H2O and other electrolytes flow passively from the ECF into the lumen through channels

32
Q

why is lubiprostone selective for the gut

A

because it is poorly absorbed

33
Q

what is ulcerative colitis

A

inflammatory disorder causing ulcers in the lining of rectum and colon

34
Q

where do ulcers form in ulcerative colitis

A

where inflammation leads to cell death (cells die in mucosa)

35
Q

what is the main symptom in ulcerative colitis and why

A

diarrhea because colon inflammation in colon causes frequent emptying

36
Q

which layer gets cell death in ulcerative colitis

A

in mucosa (closest to lumen)

37
Q

what is the diff with ulcerative colitis and crohns disease

A

in crohns, inflammation is deeper in intestinal wall and occurs in other parts of GI tract (SI, mouth, esophagus, stomach)

38
Q

does ulcerative colitis associate with increase cancer risk

A

yes

39
Q

does crohns associate with increase cancer risk

A

yes

40
Q

how do you treat UC and crohns

A

long term anti-inflammatories and immunosuppressant drugs

anti-diarrheals for symptoms

41
Q

why do you use anti-diarrheals for UC and crohns

A

for symptomatic relief, but it does not affect etiology of the disease (doesnt cure)

42
Q

what are glucocorticoids

A

potent anti inflammatory and immunosuppressant agents

43
Q

how does prednisolone work

A

binds to members of nuclear receptor superfamily, modifties gene transcription

44
Q

what stages of inflammation does prednisolone inhibit

A

all of them

45
Q

what is an example glucocorticoids

A

prednisolone

46
Q

how do you use prednisolone for mild UC

A

rectal enemas (local inflammation, systemic steroids is not ideal)

47
Q

how do you use prednisolone for severe UC and crohns

A

it is given orally

48
Q

what is the pro and con for using prednisolone

A

it can induce remission but long term use is nad

49
Q

what are aminosalicylates used for

A

maintenance of remission of both UC and crohns disease

50
Q

what is an example of aminosalicylates

A

sulfasalazine

51
Q

is sulfasalazine absorbed well in the drug

A

no

52
Q

what happens once sulfasalazine is in the colon and why

A

5-ASA is released in the colon by bacteria

53
Q

what are the 2 things that sulfasalazine breaks into

A

5-ASA and sulfapyridine

54
Q

what is a type of person that shouldnt take sulfasalazine + why

A

antibiotic allergies (cause sulfapyridine)

55
Q

what are 3 things that sulfasalazine does that is good

A
  • localized anti-inflammation
  • scavenges free radicals
  • inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
56
Q

what does sulfasalazine do to prostaglandin synthesis + why important

A

inhibit cause that can cause inflammation

57
Q

what is the mechanism of action of sulfasalazine

A

localized anti-inflammatory actions including scavenging of free radicals and inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis

58
Q

sulfasalazine cannot be used by persons with allergies to what?

A

sulphonamides, class of antibiotics

59
Q

what is mesalazine

A

just 5-ASA on its own

60
Q

what are biologicals

A

humanized antibodies targeting components of the inflammatory pathway

61
Q

what are 3 main targets for biologicals

A
  • TNF-alpha
  • anti-alpha4beta7 integrin on T-helper lymphocytes
  • anti-protein subunit of IL-12 and IL-23
62
Q

what is IL

A

interleukin

63
Q

what is TNF-alpha

A

anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha

PMCOL 344 (27 decks)

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