Immune

Question 1

Mast cell

Trigger

Answer 1

Release histamine: vascular effect

Physical injury
Toxins, snack, bees
Anaphylaxis
Bacteria
Virus

Question 2

Histamine

Answer 2

Regulate activity of WBC during allergic inflammation, cause:

1. Increase vascular permeability (H1 receptor)
2. Increase gastric acid (H2 receptor)

Question 3

Antihistamines

Answer 3

MOA: prevent mast cell activation

H1 blocker: block action of histamine at receptor site. treat allergies, and allergic rhinitis, inflammation (itchy, dermatitis, bronchitis): diphenhydramine

H2 blocker: don’t cross BBB, so less sedating. Reduce gastric acid. Not for allergy. (treat peptic ulcer, acid reflux, gastritis): tidine (rantidine, cimetidine)

Question 4

What is antibody

Answer 4

Protein that attach to antigen (foreign substance,e.g. bacteria, fungi, viruses, toxins), and remove them from body

Question 5

Anaphylaxis

Answer 5

Question 6

Ketorolac drug class

Answer 6

NSAID

Question 7

IgG

IgA

IgM

IgE

Answer 7

IgG: infection
IgA: body secretion
IgM: first antibody response to antigen, infection
IgE: allergic reaction

Question 8

Corticosteroid’s MOA

Answer 8

Inhibit many cells (mast cell, eosinophil, neutrophil, macrophage, leukocyte..), so reduce inflammation

Question 9

Acute inflammation vs chronic inflammation

Answer 9

Acute: less than 2 weeks

Question 10

Sprain vs strain

Answer 10

Sprain: Stretch/ tear ligament

Strain: muscle

Question 11

Rhabdomyolysis

Answer 11

Serious medical condition where damaged muscle release proteins and eletrolytes into blood.

Caused by: drug, crush injuries, immobility.

S&S:

1. Eletrolyte imbalance
2. Hypovolemia
3. Metabolic acidosis

Question 12

Consequences of damaged muscle membrane

Answer 12

1. Decrease Na
2. Vasoconstriction
3. Higher K
4. Lower Ca & CL
   5 higher phosphate
5. Metabolic acidosis: damaged muscle cell leak lactic acid & other acids
6. Increase uric acid: purine released, purine then become uric acid—> damage kidney

Question 13

Infectious mononucleosis S&S treatment

Answer 13

Treatment: supportive: restrain from exercise x 3 weeks

S&S: PPPS (posterior lymph node, posterior tonsil exudate, palatial petechaie, sore throat, mild fever, fatigue, spleen tender )

Question 14

Is suspect otitis externa, must exclude

Treatment for otitis externa

Answer 14

Mastatitis

Polysporin drop 1-2 drops QID x 7 days; ciprodex 4 drops BID x 7 days

Question 15

Otitis media treatment

Answer 15

Amoxicillin 500mg TID x 7 days

Reassess in 3 days, if symptoms perisis00> clavulin 500mg TID

Question 16

Community acquire pneumonia treatment vs suspected aspiration pneumonia

Answer 16

Amoxicillin 1g TID x 10 days

Aspirational pneumonia: Amoxicillin/ clavulin ate 300mg- 450mg QID

Question 17

Rhinosinusitis S&S + treatment

Answer 17

S&S: PODS: facial pain/ pressure. Nasal obstruction, purulent discharge, smell disorder (>2 can diagnose)
Nasal irrigation

If S&S> 7 days or systemic: amoxicillin 500mg TID x 7 days.

Question 18

UTI treatment

Answer 18

Macrobid 100mg BID

Or

Amoxicillin 500mg TID

Or d

TMP/SMX 2 tabs BID x 10 days