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Nursing 301: Situational Transitions > Immigration & Refugees > Flashcards

Immigration & Refugees Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the immigration and refugee protection act?

A

Provides legislative authority for Canada’s immigration programme and established the principle of provincial consultation on immigration issues.

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2
Q

What is the citizenship act and regulations?

A

This Act represented a major change by making naturalization a right rather than a privilege, bestowed at the Minister’s discretion. All applicants meeting the statutory requirements and free of the criminal and security prohibitions under the Act, have a right to citizenship

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3
Q

what is the Canadian multiculturalism act?

A

Ensures that all citizens can keep their identities, take pride in their ancestry and have a sense of belonging.

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4
Q

What does the immigration level dependent on in Canada?

A
  • # of people applying
  • Resources dedicated to selection and processing (ex. time frame for application)
  • Source countries
  • Availability of appropriate documentation
  • Ability to attract new immigrants
  • # of refugees needing an immediate safe haven
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5
Q

What are the objectives of the Canadian immigration program?

A
  • Admit immigrants, students, visitors and temporary workers who help Canada’s social and economic growth
  • Resettle, protect and provide a safe haven for refugees
  • Help newcomers adapt to Canadian society
  • Protect security and health of Canadian’s
  • Help Canadian’s and newcomers participate fully in the life of the country (economic, political, etc.)
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6
Q

What are the three main goals for the Canadian immigration programme?

A

1) SOCIAL: Facilitate family reunification, permits nuclear family unit to immigrate with principal applicants
2) HUMANITARIAN: people arriving spontaneously; both government and private sponsored refugees
3) ECONOMIC: skilled workers and business immigrants

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7
Q

What are some issues with the process of admitting immigrants?

A
  • Long processing times for applications
  • Documentation
  • Language
  • Immigration consultants
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8
Q

What are the three types of removals for people who breach the immigration act?

A

1) DEPARTURE ORDERS: must leave within 30 days and confirm departure with immigration. If comply, may return to Canada, but if not, deportation order.
2) EXCLUSION: may not return to Canada within 1 year, unless have immigration officer order
3) DEPORTATION: most serious; may not legally return to Canada unless they have written permission from immigration officer

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9
Q

Define: Immigrants

A

Those who CHOOSE to leave their homeland to establish a permanent residence in a different country in hope of a better life and more opportunities

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10
Q

Define: Refugees

A

FLEE their country d/t experienced or fear of persecution r/t religious, political beliefs or ethnicity

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11
Q

Who are convention refugees?

A

People who are outside their home country and are unwilling to return because of a well-rounded fear of persecution based on race, religion, political opinion, nationality or membership to a particular social group, such as women or LGTBQ

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12
Q

What is a person in need of protection?

A

A person in Canada whose removal to their home country would subject them personally to a danger of torture, a risk to their life, or a risk of cruel and unusual treatment or punishment

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13
Q

Define: Diversity

A

moving beyond language, ethnicity, race and religion, to include cross-cutting characteristics such as gender, sexual orientation, and range of ability and age

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14
Q

Define: Transnationalism

A

an ongoing relationship with the country of origin for immigrants residing in a new host society

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15
Q

Define: Acculturation

A

A dynamic, multifactoral process of cultural learning that results in the changes in behaviour, language, attitudes, lifeways and values that occur from sustained interaction with different cultural groups

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16
Q

What are the five resettlement tasks for immigrants refugees?

A

1) Novelty: refers to things that people had to learn
2) Occupation: first priority
3) Language: second priority
4) Subordination: little choice or control over certain things
5) Feeling at home: positive, the desired resolution, comfort, inclusion

17
Q

What are the five stages of transition for immigrants and refugees?

A

1) Impact/preparatory stage: crisis occurs, family comes together and develops a plan
2) Migration stage: period of flight/leaving
3) Overcompensation stage: all energies are mobilized to enable them to live in new country, may have a ‘honeymoon’ period
4) De-compensation stage: challenges of life in new environment become apparent
5) Inter-generational and cultural conflict stage: personal issues may be resolved but a period of inter-generational conflict may occur

18
Q

What are some issues for new immigrants?

A
  • Geographic location (ex. adapting to Vancouver may be difficult)
  • Biases
  • Recognition of foreign credentials and experience (either not recognized or inadequate assessment processes in place, suitable upgrading programs have not been developed)
19
Q

What are physical health consequences re: to immigrants/refugees?

A
  • accrue from living under prolonged stress, existing in conditions of poverty and victimization, being injured in military engagements and civil strife, lacking access to health care, immigration process itself
  • Somatization
20
Q

What are psycho-emotional consequences re: to immigrants/refuges?

A

life events such as PTSD (witness or suffer torture), disrupted family functioning, loss of self-esteem and self-identity, grieving over separation from homeland and culture, family , friends, material things.

21
Q

What are some potential loss and disruption issues related to the situational transition of immigration?

A
  • Social support/community
  • Cultural heritage - leaving country behind
  • Employment
  • Respect of peers and colleagues
  • Ability to communicate with ease
  • Transportation - change of system
  • Standard of living
  • Refugee status
  • Culturally sensitive services
  • Educational standards (ex. loss of credentials)
  • Diet, inability to access food
  • Housing and home
  • Loss of independence, traditional values and power within the family
  • Trauma like rape, assault or murder (observed or participated)
  • PTSD in family members
  • Inter-familial conflict in crowded lodgings
  • A shift in traditional authority within the family
  • Differential rates of adjustment to the new culture among members of the family
22
Q

Which immigrant groups at considered “at risk” in Canada?

A
  • Adolescents and others born and raised in refugee camps
  • Survivors of trauma
  • Single persons (and disabled)
  • Men and women from “traditional” cultures
  • Women of child bearing years
  • Sole support parents
  • Elderly, especially women
23
Q

What are barriers for new immigrants?

A
  • Language
  • Access to health care benefits
  • Health care services
  • Health care professionals
  • Stereotyping
  • Poverty
  • Community
  • Education
24
Q

What are barriers to healthcare?

A
  • No MSP number
  • Waiting for MSP
  • Expired IFH-awaiting renewal, pending coverage
  • Limited English language ability, lack of translators
  • Lack of knowledge and/or understanding of the Canadian health care system and provider roles
  • Lack of info/educational materials in native language
  • Lack of ethno-cultural community involvement in program development
  • Programs may not meet needs
  • Powerlessness because lack of recognition of education and credentials
  • Ethnic stereotype may drive programs
  • Racial discrimination and stereotyping – culture/traditional customs
  • Information about services not reaching the right people
  • Lack of respect from HCPs
  • Lack of culturally sensitive understanding by HCP re: family roles/rituals/HC beliefs
  • Taboo topics (ex. birth control)
25
Q

What are some assistance programs available?

A
  • Immigrant Settlement and Adaption Program
  • MSP – Provincial medical services plan
  • Interim Federal Health Benefits Program
  • LINC – language instruction for newcomers to Canada program
  • Host Program
  • Adjustment Assistance Program
  • Cross Cultural Health Broker Program
26
Q

What is the purpose of healthcare clinics for immigrants and refugees in BC?

A

Provide medical care and social support for new immigrants and/or refugees whose medical needs may be complicated by language, cultural, and knowledge barriers.

27
Q

What is the “healthy immigrant” effect?

A
  • a result of immigrants having better health habits in their countries of origin
  • a positive self-selection effect where healthier people are more likely to apply for immigration
  • selection policies of Citizenship and Immigration Canada whereby immigrants with serious health problems are rejected.
  • Suggests that immigrants health declines following arrival in Canada
28
Q

What are potential health issues of refugees?

A
  • Multiple physical consequences
  • Domestic violence and abuse
  • Anxiety and adjustment disorders
  • Depression
  • Diabetes
  • Post traumatic stress disorder
  • Victims of torture
  • Dental/peridontal diseases
  • Malaria
  • Hepatitis B and C
  • TB
  • HIV/AIDS
29
Q

What is the nursing role on a micro level while working with refugees and immigrants?

A
  • nurses delivering culturally competent care is defined as “A complex integration of knowledge, attitudes, and skill that enhances cross cultural communication and appropriate and effective interaction with others
  • Rethink views about immigrants
  • Avoid reductionism
  • Reflect on your own values and cultural orientation
  • Become knowledgeable about factors that influence the delivery of health care to those from other cultures
  • Recognize the relevance of cultural health practices and help patients integrate these
  • Mediate and negotiate, on behalf of the care recipient, between the dominant and minority culture
30
Q

What is the nursing role on a meso level while working with refugees and immigrants?

A
  • COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT: meaning that the immigrant community itself defines the “problem(s)” and engages in the problem-solving process from beginning to end. Goal is to build a healthy integrated immigrant community.
  • UNDERSTAND COMMUNITY NEEDS: get involved, network with community organizations that provide services to immigrants
  • WORK WITH GROUPS OF IMMIGRANTS to address their health issues
  • COLLABORATE WITH OTHER HCP’S to improve health care services for immigrants
31
Q

What is the nursing role on a macro level while working with refugees and immigrants?

A
  • Challenge the status quo of “political correctness”
  • Advocate for changes in the agencies where nurses work, i.e., incorporating diversity into the workplace/culturally sensitive care
  • Advocate for policy change, e.g., quality resettlement services
  • Advocate for recognition of employers and licensing bodies to look realistically at foreign work experience and educational preparation
  • Advocate for affordable child care
  • Provide information regarding credentials of private and agencies, as well as evaluating qualifications (e.g., foreign students).

Nursing 301: Situational Transitions (20 decks)

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