Exam Extras Flashcards
What is wernicke’s-koraskoff syndrome?
- A thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency resulting from chronic alcohol consumption; possibly d/t ethanol interrupting the uptake of thiamine in the GI tract
- Causes severe amnesia and brain injury, changes in vision, and loss of muscle coordination; resulting in coma and death if not treated
- Treated with vitamin B
What is naltrexone?
- Not to be confused with naloxone (narcan)!
- Reveres the effects of opioids and manages alcohol dependence to reduce heavy drinking
What is naloxone (narcan)?
Used to remedy opioid overdose by blocking the effects of opioids
What is disulfiram (antabuse)?
Blocks the enzyme that metabolizes alcohol to tx individuals with chronic alcoholism
What is acamprosate (campral)?
Used to treat alcohol dependence; thought to stabilize the chemical balance in the brain that would otherwise be disrupted by alcohol withdrawal
What is phenobarbital?
Used to control seizures and relieve anxiety, as well as prevent withdrawal symptoms
What are the four main categories of depressive and dysthymic disorders?
1) Emotional
2) Cognitive
3) Behavioral
4) Social
How is adjustment disorder different from major depression?
- Has an identifiable psycho-social stressor, such as loss, tragedy, change in lifestyle, etc.
- Usually occurs within 3 months of stress, sometimes 6
- Symptoms will decrease when stressor removed
- Symptoms include difficulty functioning in roles and relationships and overall distress
What drug is the first-line tx of depression?
SSRI’s
What is fluoxetine (Prozac)?
SSRI
How do benzodiazepines work?
Enhance the effect of NT GABA at the GABA receptors to reduce anxiety and agitation, induce sleep, relax muscles and inhibit new memory formation
What is bupropion?
An atypical antidepressant (also a good adjuvant to help stop smoking)
What are the subtypes of schizophrenia?
Paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated and residual
What is paranoid schizophrenia?
- Presence of delusions and hallucinations, for a significant portion of time (over 1 month). May include frightening or command voices.
- Disorganized speech and behaviour and other negative symptoms not as prominent
- Sudden onset, may be triggered by severe stressors
- Has the best prognosis of the subtypes
What is disorganized schizophrenia?
- Severe disintegration of personality
- Disorganized speech (word salad)
- Odd behaviour (ex. grunting, sniffing, uninhibited sexual behaviours)
- Withdrawn and incompetent
- Often unable to meet ADL’s