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MLSCI 475 > Imin Review > Flashcards

Imin Review Flashcards

1
Q

thymocytes

A

immature T cells
- after hematopoiesis, thymocytes enter thymus = proliferation & development

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2
Q

DiGeorge’s syndrome

A

partial thymus or no development at all

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3
Q

T or F. A selection process eliminates non-reactive or self-reactive B cells just as T cells are eliminated in the thymus

A

T! This occurs in the bone marrow

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4
Q

describe the follicles of the lymph nodes

A

primary:
- clusters of resting B cells
- some dendritic cells

secondary:
- B cells responding to antigens seen by (pale) germinal centre; surrounded by resting B cells, Th cells, macrophages and dendritic cells

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5
Q

high endothelial cells in lymph nodes

A

cuboidal or columnar venules (HEVs)

allow activated T and B cells to enter lymph through surface receptors via diapedesis

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6
Q

this traps antigens from blood stream and facilitates immune response

A

spleen

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7
Q

the red pulp in the spleen

A

sinusoids rich in RBCs and macs

old RBCs and blood-borne pathogens removed by phagocytosis

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8
Q

white pulp in spleen

A

T, B cells, and macs made up of PALS (periarteriolar lymphoid sheath); T cells that surround arterioles

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9
Q

marginal zone of the spleen

A

interface between red pulp and white pulp rich in lymphocytes and macrophages

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10
Q

MALT

A

tonsils
crypts
Peyer’s patches
M cells

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11
Q

tonsils

A

lingual, platine, pharyngeal
trap microbes in nasopharynx

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12
Q

crypts

A

fenestrated epithelium to allow pathogens in oral cavity to contact lymphocytes and macrophages

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13
Q

Peyer’s Patches

A

located in submucosa of small intestine

contains primary and secondary follicles

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14
Q

specialized epithelial cells that transfer antign from lumen to T, B cells and macrophages beneath

A

M cells

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15
Q

BALT

A

bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue
- lymph aggregated adjacent to bronchi

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16
Q

these defensive barriers have low pH to suppress bacterial growth

A

stomach
sebum
urogenital tract

17
Q

this is produced by virus-infected cells that induce antiviral state in neighbouring cells

A

interferon

18
Q

the first responders

A

neutrophils
secretes TNF!
live only 1-4d

19
Q

these cells are part of the innate and adaptive immune system

A

monocytes/macrophages (some tissue-specific = Kupffer, histiocytes, etc.)

  • phagocytose, secrete TNF
  • antigen presentation
20
Q

phagocytic cells have receptors for the following:

A
  • cytokines (INF-y)
  • complement + components (C3a, C5a)
  • formyl methionine (f-met) peptides produced by organisms, mannose, LPS
21
Q

what happens when lysosomes fuse with phagosomes

A

phagolysosome = killing occurs
= pH decreases, lysozyme released, defensins (porin forming peptides)

22
Q

reactive nitrate intermediates are toxic and include:

A

nitrogen dioxide
nitrous acid (HNO2) = longer lasting

23
Q

NK Cells CD markers

A

CD16+ 56+
3-

24
Q

mechanism of action of NK cells

A

direct killing of infected cells decreased or no MHC I

antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)

activates macrophages through INF-y

25
Q

how can NK Cells directly kill? (2)

A
  • perforin: helps target cell take up granzyme through pore formation in vesicle membrane
  • granzyme B: activates caspase in target cell to induce apoptosis
26
Q

programmed cell death in NK Cells

A

Fas Ligand n NK binds Fas receptor on target cell; apoptosis!

27
Q

target recognition of NK cells

A
  • activating receptors: CELLS WILL SHOW SIGNS OF STRESS
  • inhibitory receptors: binds self MHC I = NK will leave it alone
28
Q

how does ADCC occur?

A

NK cells have receptors for Fc portion of Abs; kill by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

29
Q

role of INF-y produced by NK cells

A

activate macrophages to enhance killing

also has anti-viral properties (decrease viral replication in cells)

30
Q

what do macrophages release after engulfing microorganisms that signal to NK cells to release INF-y?

A

IL-12

31
Q

define extravasation

A

chemokines: IL-8, C5a, C3a attract neuts to come to tissue

32
Q

selctins

A

glycoproteins on leukocytes and endothelial cells that bind glycosylated proteins (MUCIN) on both leukocytes and endothelium

allows neuts to roll along endothelium

33
Q

define integrins

A

proteins made up of a and B subunit that bind ICAMs

34
Q

integrins change confirmation due to chemoattractants (______) to provide greater affinity to ICAMs on endothelial cells

A

IL-8, C3a, C5a

35
Q

two types of inflammation

A

localized and systemic

36
Q

what plays a part in systemic inflammation?

A

acute phase reactants
- CRP
- fibrinogen
- haptoglobin, etc

37
Q

CTL markers

A

CD3+ CD8+

38
Q

induction

A

naive CD8+ cells (in lymphoid tissues) recognize viral peptides in MHC I

T cell expansion & differentiation into effector cells occurs in lymphoid tissue

MLSCI 475 (22 decks)

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