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MLSCI 475 > Autoimmunity > Flashcards

Autoimmunity Flashcards

1
Q

Define tolerance

A

a state of immunologic unresponsiveness to a particular antigen

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2
Q

goal of the immune response with respect to tolerance

A
  • mount a response against non-self
  • maintain unresponsive state toward self
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3
Q

when tolerance is broken

A

autoimmunity

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4
Q

dfine negative selection

A

when T cells recognize self and binds too tightly to self MHC

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5
Q

define positive selection

A

Recognize self MHC and bind it ; wont survive if cant

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6
Q

T reg cells

A

CD4+ CD25+
- express IL-2Ra chains (CD25) resulting in low affinity for IL-2

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7
Q

wherre to find Treg cells

A

secondary lymph tissues and sites of inglammation
- not that abundant (FEW) but powerful

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8
Q

what do Treg cells secrete?

A

IL-10 and IL-35 TGFb which are anti-inflammatory and suppress nearby responses

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9
Q

what does Treg cells inhibit

A

APCs
- they bind CD80/86 via CTLA-4 on T cells

bind APC along with other T cells = suppressing thier activity = LINKED SUPPRESSION

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10
Q

regulatory CD8+ cells

A
  • not generated in thymus but in periphery during CD8+ T cell activation induction events
  • not well understood
  • use wide range of mechanisms like Treg to suppress activity
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11
Q

when do reg CD8+ cells appear?

A

after Ag-MHC I stimulation in the presence of TGF-B cytokine

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12
Q

CD8+ reg T cells mechanisms to suppress activity

A

lysis of APCs
inhibition of APC function
regulation of effector cells that bind the same Ag

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13
Q

this hormone promotes Th2 response to increase Ig levels

A

estrogen
- why females may have higher incidences of autoimmunity

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14
Q

Estrogen speeds up _____ cell production (extramedullary) so negative selection may be missed

A

B cell

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15
Q

drugs tha can cause autoimmunity

A

procainamide, hydralazine - lupus

methyldopa, quinidine - AIHA

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16
Q

infections that can cause autoimmunity

A

Coxsackie virus B - T1 diabetes
K. pneumonia - ankylosing spondylitis

17
Q

environmental factors that can cause autoimmunity

A

drugs
infections
diet
chemicals/toxins

18
Q

proposed mechanisms that can induce autoimmunity

A

multifactorial/several “hits”
- molecular mimicry
- infections that induce genetic changes
- damage/stress events that exposed sequestered Ag
- foods that alter gut microbial balance, promoting chronic inflammation and hypersensitivity rxns
- exposure to immune privileged sites (if damaged = can see things you weren’t exposed to in that site???)
- Th1 vs Th2 = unbalanced (more antibodies formed –> autoimmunity)

19
Q

when autoAbs bind red cells and are removed in the spleen

A

AIHA

20
Q

pernicious anemia

A

autoantibodies to intrinsic factor = no NO B12
- macrocytic anemia

21
Q

idiopathic thombocytopenia

A

autoAbs bind platelets = removed in spleen

thrombocytopenia = bleeding, thrombosis

22
Q

Goodpasture’s disease

A
  • anti-basement membrane of glomeruli and alveoli
  • complement activation
23
Q

types of systemic autoimmunity disorders

A

SLE
MS
RA

24
Q

lab diagnosis for autoimmunity

A
  • ANA (anti-nucleic antibody)
    > detects general antibodies to DNA, RNA, proteins
  • patterns of IF suggestive of antibody type
    > homogenous = chromatin, dsDNA, hostones
    > Rim = dsDNA
    > speckled = RNP (Sm, SS-A, SS-B)
    > nucleolar (nucleolar RNA)
25
Q

challenges posed by autoimmunity treatment

A

reduce autoimmune BUT maintain alloimmune

26
Q

Treatment challenges of autoimmune

A

Reduce autoimmune but maintain alloimmune

27
Q

Anti inflammatory drugs

A

Non steroidal drugs (NSAIDs)
Corticosteroids

28
Q

Pain control for autoimmune diseases

A

Acetaminophen

29
Q

Immunosuppressive drugs

A

Azathiaprine
Cyclophosphamide
Cyclosporin

30
Q

Antibody removal for autoimmunity

A

Plasmapheresis

31
Q

IVIg for autoimmunity

A

Fc binding of macrophages
Inhibitory signalling via membrane binding of T, B and monocytes (reduces cytokine production)
Anticomplement vs procomplement
Anti-idiotypic antibodies

MLSCI 475 (22 decks)

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