Imaging Flashcards
What is a spontaneous pneumothorax?
Spontaneous rupture of alveoli through visceral pleura so air leaks into the cavity
Risk factors for spontaneous pneumothorax?
Smoking, COPD, cystic fibrosis, inherited apical bleb
Effects of spontaneous pneumothorax?
Lung collapse, compression of the mediastinal structures and vessels
What is a tension pneumothorax?
When air enters but cannot exit
What is a tension pneumothorax due to?
Trauma where the injury fails to seal.
Positive pressure ventilation, particularly during resuscitation
Tension pneumothorax can lead to what? How?
It impairs venous return that can lead to cardiac arrest
Where is the pulmonary meniscus sign regularly seen?
In pleural effusion
What is the meniscus sign due to?
Surface tension between two different fluid in the pleural cavity.
What is coin sign?
A solitary, round, shadow on x-ray that is the accumulation of connective tissue
What are the causes of coin sign?
TB, tumor, cyst, vascular anomalies
What are Kerley A lines?
Long diagonal lines running from hilum to the periphery
What causes Kerley A lines?
Distension of anastomosis channels between peripheral and central lymphatics
What are Kerley B lines?
Short parallel lines at the periphery, perpendicular to pleura
What causes Kerley lines?
Pulmonary edema, lymphoma, pneumonia
Is the pulmonary trunk anterior or posterior to the aorta?
Anterior
