Imagery

Question 1

Mental Imagery

Answer 1

Our ability to mentally recreate perceptual experience in the absence of a sensory stimulus.

Question 2

Dual-Coding Theory

Answer 2

Paivio, 1971
Human knowledge is represented in two separate systems

Question 3

Two systems described by the Dual Coding Theory

Answer 3

Non-Verbal (Modality-specific system) & Verbal (Symbolic system, Abstract)

Question 4

Kosslyn (1994)

Answer 4

Images are depictive representations. Preserve perceptual and spatial information.

Question 5

Pylyshyn (1973)

Answer 5

Images are descriptive representations. Does not preserve perceptual and spatial information

Question 6

Shepard and Metzler’s (1971)

Answer 6

Investigated the time it took for individuals to rotate mental images of abstract figures.

Question 7

Mental Scaling - Kosslyn (1975, 1978)

Answer 7

When things get closer to you, they
appear physically bigger until they fill your entire visual field

Question 8

Segal & Fusella, (1970)

Answer 8

Evidence for shared perception and mental imagery system from interference

Question 9

Farah 1985

Answer 9

Imagery can also facilitate perception

Question 10

Policardi et al., (1996)

Answer 10

Patient TC (damage to both): Both the occipital and temporal lobes are important for visual perception.

Question 11

Zago et al., (2010)

Answer 11

Patient PB (damage to one): PB was able to perform visual imagery tasks, unlike TC.

Question 12

Bartolomeo et al., et al., (2010)

Answer 12

Madame D: Imagery facilitated
perception!

Question 13

O’Craven & Kanwisher (2000)

Answer 13

Imagery and perception activate the same specialized areas of the brain.

Question 14

(Ganis et al., 2004)

Answer 14

Re-examining brain activity in imagery and perception with newer techniques.

Question 15

most researchers agree that imagery…

Answer 15

Is a combination of depictive and abstract proposition. Arises from similar brain mechanisms as perception

Question 16

Picture Superiority Effect

Answer 16

Memory is better when items are stored as pictures compared to words.

Question 17

The Concreteness Effect

Answer 17

Concrete words are remembered better than abstract words.

Question 18

Parker & Dagnall (2009)

Answer 18

Participants listened to a list of abstract and concrete words…told they would need to remember them later.

Question 19

Holmes et al., (2005, 2006, 2008)

Answer 19

Participants listened to short descriptions of possible events with
positive and negative outcomes

Question 20

Imagery and PTSD

Answer 20

Negative intrusive imagery is a characteristic trait of individuals with PTSD.

this is also true for anxiety and depression

Question 21

Imagery Rescripting:

Answer 21

A technique to help treat mental disorders linked to abnormal
mental imagery

Question 22

Galton (1880)

Answer 22

Individuals vary greatly in their ability to create mental images.

Question 23

Aphantasia

Answer 23

Some people cannot form mental images at all

Question 24

Hyperphantasia

Answer 24

Those who experience extremely vivid visual imagery.