How to Study Cognition Flashcards
Functionalism
asks why the mind works, Believed that consciousness is personal, ‘usefulness of knowledge’
Structuralism
Identifying the basic building blocks of the complex thoughts or the conscious experience
Behaviourism and cognitive psychology
Focusing on only observation actions to accepting thought processes
Rationalism
knowledge is the result of
observation & prior reasoning
Empiricism
All knowledge comes from
experience
Wilhelm Wundt
Founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research and practiced Structuralism
Behaviourism
Focused on what can be observed (input, output)
Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)
Learning by making associations between cue, a stimuli and the
natural response
Instrumental Learning (Thorndike) and Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
Behaviour is contingent on a schedule of reinforcements, rewards and punishments
* Rewards encourage behaviors
* Punishment reduce behaviors
The more uncertain something is
the longer it will take it to process
William Hick (1952)
Light Flashing Experiments (Uncertainty of Information)
Decision Fatigue
limited amount of cognitive
processing , making decisions tries us out
Dualism
the mind and brain are separate entities that are equally important
Monism
the mind and brain are the same; Only one entity exists
Dualism: Interactionism
The mind and brain interact to induce
events in each other (we have a soul)
Rene Descartes (early 1600’s)
The pineal gland is this “principal seat of the soul”
Dualism: Epiphenomenalism
One way interaction: Mental thoughts (mind) are caused by physical events (brain), but thoughts do not affect physical events
Monism: Idealism
all reality is a mental construct, physical and mental
Neutral Monism
the underlying nature is not mental or physical
but something else, something neutral
Monism: Materialism
all reality is the result of physical processes
Brain Top
Dorsal
Brain Bottom
Ventral
Brain Front
Rostal/Anterio
Brain Back
Caudal/Posterior
