Image Production Review Test 1 Flashcards
Fog seen on a radiographic image is primarily the result of:
a.) coherent interactions
b.) compton interactions
c.) classical interactions
d.) photoelectric interactions
b.) compton interactions
When screening for pregnancy routine or elective radiographic exams should be limited to which of the following?
a.) during the onset of menstruation
b.) 10 days before the onset of menstruation
c.) early trimester
d.) 10 days following the onset of menstruation
d.) 10 days following the onset of menstruation
A transformer is constructed with 10 turns on the primary side and 100 turns on the secondary side. What type of transformer is this?
a.) step up transformer
b.) step down transformer
a.) step up transformer
As a waves wavelength increases, its frequency:
a.) increases
b.) it depends on the type of EMR
c.) stays the same
d.) decreases
d.) decreases
Which of the following is the primary controlling factor of quantity?
a.) kvp
b.) mas
b.) mas
Which component maintains a vaccuum to protect from an xray tube from arcing and interacting with current electrons?
a.) tube housing
b.) tube envelope
c.) cathode
d.) anode
b.) tube envelope
Alpha and beta particles are similar to xrays and gamma rays in that they :
a.) have characteristics of wavelength and frequency
b.) are part of the electromagnetic spectrum
c.) have no mass
d.) have the ability to ionize matter
d.) have the ability to ionize matter
A material that has a large number of free electrons is a :
a.) poor conductor
b.) good conductor
c.) all choices are correct
d.) good insulator
b.) good conductor
The technologist chooses the desired kvp setting using the autotransformer through a process called:
a.) mutual induction
b.) self induction
c.) voltage ripple
d.) rectification
b.) self induction
The photoelectric effect is:
a.) a radiation scattering event
b.) the complete absorption of an electron with the subsequent emmision of an xray
c.) the complete absorption of a photon with the subsequent emission of an electron
d.) a partially exciting event
c.) the complete absorption of a photon with the susequent emission of an electron
The beam that is found leaving the collimator and exposes the patient is called:
a.) transmitted beam
b.) collimator beam
c.) primary beam
d.) remnant beam
c.) primary beam
The electron stream which bombards the anode is called:
a.) effective focal spot
b.) actual focal spot
b.) actual focal spot
Xrays were discovered:
a.) dec. 8 1895
b.) nov 8 1895
c.) dec 12 1865
d.) nov 8 1985
b.) nov 8 1895
When kvp is applied (rotor) there is a potential difference creating in the xray tube. Electrons are then sent from anode to cathode.
a.) true
b.) false
b.) false
The reduction in the intensity of an xray beam as it passes through material is termed:
a.) attenuation
b.) scattering
c.) divergence
d.) absorption
a.) attenuation
Which combination of factors will produce a total of 50 mas?
a.) 50 ma and 10 ms
b.) 250 ma and .2s
c.) 500 ma and .1 s
d.) 200 ma and 250 ms
a.) b, c and d only
b.) b and d only
c.) b only
d.) d only
a.) b, c and d only
the compton effect is:
a.) the same as rayleigh scattering
b.) the same as the thompson effect
c.) the principal source of image noise (fog)
d.) also called classical scattering
c.) the principal source of image noise (fog)
Attenuation is the process through which xray interactions with matter result in:
a.) reduction in beam divergence
b.) reduction in beam quality
c.) reduction in beam quantity
d.) reduction in beam penetrability
c.) reduction in beam quantity
Which radiographic projection results in the highest percentage of xray attenuation? Assume that each body section is approximately equal thickness.
a.) AP abdomen
b.) attenuation is equal for all parts
c.) AP pelvis
d.) AP chest
c.) AP pelvis
The total amount of diagnostic filtration can be determined by finding the sum of:
a.) inherent and compensating filtration
b.) compensating and added filtration
c.) compression and compensating filtration
d.) inherent and added filtration
d.) inherent and added filtration
The N shell can hold ____________ electrons
a.) 8
b.) 32
c.) 4
d.) 64
b.) 32
As mas increases, quality:
a.) increases by a factor a 4
b.) decreases
c.) is unaffected
d.) increases
c.) is unaffected
The first radiograph produced by dr roentgen was of :
a.) his neighbors dog
b.) his daughters hand
c.) his wifes hand
d.) clarence dallys hand
c.) his wifes hand
How does filtration affect the primary beam?
a.) it increases the average energy of the primary beam
b.) it decreases the average energy of the primary beam
c.) it makes the primary beam more penetrating
d.) it increases the intensity of the primary beam
a.) it increases the average energy of the primary beam
Which of the following events will not occur in the diagnostic range of xray energies?
a.) photoelectric
b.) compton
c.) photodisintegration
d.) classical
c.) photodisintegration
In the absense of the autotransformer, the step up and step down transformers would be supplied with a continuous voltage of:
a.) 220 volts
b.) 440 volts
c.) 110 votls
d.) 60 volts
a.) 220 volts
In a tungsten atom, a brems interaction will occur when the incident electrons ___________.
a.) strikes the nucleus
b.) interacts with the force field around the nucleus
c.) strikes an outer shell electron
d.) stikes an inner shell electron
b.) interacts with the force field around the nucleus
A battery stored on a shelf is an example of what?
a.) kinetic energy
b.) stable energy
c.) potential energy
d.) inertia
c.) potential energy
The largest amount of diagnostic xray absorption is most likely to occur in which of the following tissues?
a.) lung
b.) bone
c.) adipose
d.) muscle
b.) bone
The most useful characteristic photons are produced when electrons interact with:
a.) inner shell electrons
b.) outer shell electrons
c.) the force field around the nucleus
d.) the nucleus
a.) inner shell electrons
What photon energy is produced by a tungsten anode in an L shell (12.0 kev) vacancy is filled by an N shell electron (0.5 kev)?
a.) 69 kev
b.) 11.5 kev
c.) 9 kev
d.) 12.5 kev
b.) 11.5 kev
Which of the following are considered fundamental quantities?
a.) time, matter, space
b.) mass, length, time
c.) work, energy, power, force
d.) velocity, force, power
b.) mass, length, time
All of the following have an effect on patient dose:
a.) focal spot size
b.) millimaperage seconds
c.) inherent filtration
d.) kilovoltage
b.) milliamperage seconds
c.) inherent filtration
d.) kilovoltage
The ampere is the unit of measure for:
a.) electrostatics
b.) electric current
c.) resistance
d.) electric potential
b.) electric current
Photoelectric interactions:
a.) negatively affect radiographic image quality
b.) all are correct
c.) should be reduced as close to 0 events as possible
d.) contribute significantly to patient dose
d.) contribute significantly to patient dose
The step up transformer in the xray circuit serves to modify the current within the xray system by converting:
a.) low frequency to high frequency
b.) single phase to three phase
c.) volts to kilovolts
d.) amps to kiloamps
c.) volts to kilovolts
Coherent scattering involves:
a.) an xray photon with low energy
b.) ionization
c.) an xray photon with high energy
d.) all are correct
a.) an xray photon with low energy
All of the electromagnetic radiations are capable of ionizing matter.
a.) true
b.) false
b.) false
How will xray photon intensity be affected if the source to image distance (SID) is doubled?
a.) its intensity increases four fold
b.) its intensity increases two fold
c.) its intensity decreases two fold
d.) its intensity decreases four fold
d.) its intensity decreases four fold
The inverse square law related intensity (of light/xrays) to:
a.) mass
b.) distance
c.) time
d.) velocity
b.) distance
The xray interaction with matter that is responsible for the majority of scattered radiation reaching the IR is:
a.) compton scatter
b.) thomson scatter
c.) the photoelectric effect
d.) classical scatter
a.) compton scatter
Compton scattering involves the xray photon:
a.) removing a middle or outer shell electron
b.) passing through the atom without any change
c.) removing an inner shell electron
d.) being absorbed in the atom
a.) removing a middle or outer shell electron
If the distance from the source is changed from 72 inches to 36 inches and the original beam intensity was 200 mr, what is the new intensity?
a.) 100 mr
b.) 400 mr
c.) 800 mr
d.) 25 mr
c.) 800 mr
____________ interact with tungsten atoms and create a brems or characteristics xray.
a.) electrons
b.) electrons and photons
c.) characteristics electrons
d.) photons
a.) electrons
What is produced when an incident electron excites an outer shell electron?
a.) characteristic photon
b.) heat
c.) brems photon
d.) classical photon
b.) heat
To double the beam quantity
a.) leave the mas as is and reduce the kvp
b.) halve the mas
c.) double the mas
d.) increase the mas by a factor of 4
c.) double the mas
As the kvp increases, (choose all that apply)
a.) beam quantity increases
b.) beam penetrability increases
c.) beam energy decreases
d.) beam quality remains the same while the quantity increases
a.) beam quantity increases
b.) beam penetrability increases
What is the binding energy of a “K” shell in a tungsten atom?
a.) 74 mas
b.) 32.5 kev
c.) 69.5 kev
d.) 74 kev
c.) 69.5 kev
As the anode target angle increases:
a.) target rotating speed increases
b.) effective focal spot size increases
c.) kvp increases
d.) radiation intensity on the central ray increases
e.) heel effect becomes more pronounced
b.) effective focal spot size increases
When xray tube filtration is increased, xray quantity:
a.) increases
b.) decreases
c.) filtration doesnt affect quantity
d.) remains the same
b.) decreases
How does adding filtration to the xray tube assembly change the characteristcs of the xray beam?
a.) increases quantity, decreased quality
b.) decreased quanitty, decreased quality
c.) decreased quanitity, increased quality
d.) increased quantity, increased quality
c.) decreased quantity, increased quality
Which component of the xray circuit must be powered by alternating current (AC) in order to function correctly?
a.) mas selector
b.) the transformers
c.) the rectifiers
d.) exposure timer
b.) the transformers
Xray beam intensity is a term describing the:
a.) number of photons
b.) frequency of photons
c.) maximum energy of photons
d.) photon quality
a.) number of photons
One of the cardinal principles of radiation protection states that the radiographic technologist should minimize which of the following?
a.) kvp
b.) shielding
c.) time
d.) mas
e.) distance
c.) time
What combination of factors results in the highest quality xray beam?
a.) 82 kvp, 25 mas, 2.5 mm AL
b.) 96 kvp, 15 mas, 3.5 mm al
c.) 96 kvp, 50 mas, 2.5 mm al
d.) 82 kvp, 25 mas, 3.5 mm al
b.) 96 kvp, 15 mas, 3.5 mm al
Which of the following will decrease patient dose?
a.) maximize distance
b.) minimize distance
c.) maximize time
d.) minimize patient protection
a.) maximize distance
The passage of radiation through matter without interaction is described as;
a.) transmission
b.) divergence
c.) attenuation
d.) scatter
a.) transmission
Frequency is typically measured in :
a.) centimeters
b.) hertz
c.) meters
d.) feet
b.) hertz
The heel effect occurs because of:
a.) xray absorption in the anode
b.) the shape charge effect
c.) the shape of the filament
d.) a focusing cup
e.) reduced tube current
a.) xray absorption in the anode
to avoid damaging the xray tube components the electrical power supplied to the xray tube must be:
a.) low voltage
b.) alternating current
c.) direct current
d.) high voltage
c.) direct current
What percentage of electrons is converted to xray photons?
a.) 1%
b.) 100%
c.) 99%
d.) 12%
a.) 1%
Exposure dose and dose equivalent are:
a.) derived quantities
b.) specific to SI units
c.) fundamental quantities
d.) radiologic quantities
d.) radiologic quantities
Small anode target angles result in which of the following?
a.) better collimation
b.) increased heat capacity
c.) less heel effect
d.) small focal spot size
d.) small focal spot size
the radiographer has no control over the penetrability of the xray beam.
a.) true
b.) false
b.) false
Most electrical energy in the xray tube is converted to:
a.) brems photons
b.) xray photons
c.) heat
d.) characteristic photons
c.) heat
Which interaction is responsible for producing the most xray photons at the xray tube target?
a.) heat
b.) photoelectric
c.) brems
d.) characteristic
c.) brems
Where do xrays exit once striking the target?
a.) the target window
b.) the filament circuit
c.) the secondary circuit
d.) the shutter
a.) the target window
One main reason for the line focus principle is to:
a.) reduce exposure time
b.) increase xray intensity
c.) reduce focal spot size
d.) increase heat capacity
c.) reduce focal spot size
An adjustable form of a resistor is:
a.) rheostat
b.) switch
c.) diode
d.) capacitor
a.) rheostat
Choose all that apply:
a.) xrays travel at 1/2 the speed of light
b.) xrays release small amounts of heat when passing through matter
c.) xrays travel at the speed of light
d.) xrays are electrically neutral therefore unaffected by electric or magnetic fields
e.) xrays can ionize matter
b.) xrays release small amounts of heat when passing through matter
c.) xrays travel at the speed of light
d.) xrays are electrically neutral therefore unaffected by electric or magnetic fields
e.) xrays can ionize matter
A transformer operates on the priciple of:
a.) electromechanical action
b.) electromagnetic induction
c.) magnetism
d.) mechanical transformation
b.) electromagnetic induction
The ability to do work because of the separation of charges is:
a.) electric current
b.) electrostatics
c.) resistance
d.) electric potential
d.) electric potential
Characteristic photon energy is equal to:
a.) the binding energy of the outer shell electrons
b.) the difference between the original and final energy of the incident electron
c.) the kilovoltage peak set by the technologist
d.) the difference between the inner shell and outer shell binding energy
d.) the difference between the inner shell and outer shell binding energy
In most xray tubes, there are two filaments to:
a.) provide two electrodes
b.) provide two focal spots
c.) ensure saturation current
d.) produce higher energy xrays
b.) provide two focal spots
what is the function of a line compensator?
a.) to adjust tube current
b.) to adjust the voltage across the step up transformer
c.) to adjust variations in voltage from the power supply to the circuit
c.) to adjust variations in voltage from the power supply to the circuit
Which of the following photon interactions contribute to the attenuation of the xray beam?
1.) coherent scattering
2.) photoelectric absorption
3.) compton scattering
a.) 1 only
b.) 2 only
c.) 2 and 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 1, 2 and 3
What is the secondary output voltage of the autotransformer when the assigned tube potential is 76 kvp?
a.) 220 v
b.) 76 v
c.) 220 kvp
d.) 76kv
b.) 76 v
Distance and xray beam quantity or intensity share what kind of relationship?
a.) direct
b.) inverse
b.) inverse
An autotransformer is used to control which aspect of the xray circuit electrical supply?
a.) resistance
b.) rectification
c.) power
d.) voltage
d.) voltage
There are two ways to describe electromagnetic radiation. This idea states that EMR may exhibit characteristics of ____________ and ____________.
a.) waves, particles
b.) waves, frequencies
c.) frequencies, particles
d.) electrons, photons
a.) waves, particles
If 2 chest xrays are performed at 120 kv, 10 ma, .2 seconds, using a three phase 6 pulse generator. How many heat units will be produced?
a.) some of the above but not all
b.) microwaves
c.) they all have equal velocity
d.) xrays and gamm rays
e.) radiowaves
c.) they all have equal velocity
A large anode angle will produce which of the following?
a.) a large heel effect
b.) increased image receptor exposure
c.) decreased image receptor exposure
d.) increase in spatial resolution
b.) increased image receptor exposure
In the xray circuit, which transformer does voltage travel through first?
a.) step down transformer
b.) step up transformer
c.) mutual induction transformer
d.) autotransformer
d.) autotransformer
Characteristic radiation is created within the xray tube when high energy electrons interact with:
a.) electric field of the nucleus
b.) outer shell electrons
c.) nuclear force field of the nucleus
d.) inner shell electrons
d.) inner shell electrons
Aluminum filtration has its greatest effect on:
a.) high energy scattered photons
b.) low energy xray photons
c.) high energy xray photons
d.) low energy scattered photons
b.) low energy xray photons
which of the following electromagnetic radiation have the lower energy level?
a.) visible light
b.) xray
c.) microwaves
d.) radiowaves
d.) radiowaves
If a transformer has 8 turns in the primary 40 turns in the secondary and 110 volts applied, what is the output voltage?
a.) 22 amps
b.) 22 volts
c.) 550 volts
d.) 550 amps
c.) 550 volts
The energy of a characteristic photon will change when which of the following variables is modified?
a.) tube current
b.) tube voltage
c.) anode material
d.) filtration thickness
c.) anode material
In order to reduce occupational exposure during a portable radiograph of the chest, the tech should:
a.) apply a grid to the image receptr
b.) apply lead sheilding to the patients pelvis
c.) stand several feet away from the patient during the exposure
d.) decrease the exposure time and increase techniques
c.) stand several feet away from the patient during the exposure
Concerning xray beam transmission, the addition of high z number contrast agents results in:
a.) decreased transmission
b.) no change in transmission
c.) increased transmission
a.) decreased transmission
One of the main purposes of beam filtration is to:
a.) reduce patient dose
b.) all are correct
c.) reduce the wear and tear on the tube
d.) control beam quantity
a.) reduce patient dose
