Image Production Review Test 1

Question 1

Fog seen on a radiographic image is primarily the result of:

a.) coherent interactions
b.) compton interactions
c.) classical interactions
d.) photoelectric interactions

Answer 1

b.) compton interactions

Question 2

When screening for pregnancy routine or elective radiographic exams should be limited to which of the following?

a.) during the onset of menstruation
b.) 10 days before the onset of menstruation
c.) early trimester
d.) 10 days following the onset of menstruation

Answer 2

d.) 10 days following the onset of menstruation

Question 3

A transformer is constructed with 10 turns on the primary side and 100 turns on the secondary side. What type of transformer is this?

a.) step up transformer
b.) step down transformer

Answer 3

a.) step up transformer

Question 4

As a waves wavelength increases, its frequency:

a.) increases
b.) it depends on the type of EMR
c.) stays the same
d.) decreases

Answer 4

d.) decreases

Question 5

Which of the following is the primary controlling factor of quantity?

a.) kvp
b.) mas

Answer 5

b.) mas

Question 6

Which component maintains a vaccuum to protect from an xray tube from arcing and interacting with current electrons?

a.) tube housing
b.) tube envelope
c.) cathode
d.) anode

Answer 6

b.) tube envelope

Question 7

Alpha and beta particles are similar to xrays and gamma rays in that they :

a.) have characteristics of wavelength and frequency
b.) are part of the electromagnetic spectrum
c.) have no mass
d.) have the ability to ionize matter

Answer 7

d.) have the ability to ionize matter

Question 8

A material that has a large number of free electrons is a :

a.) poor conductor
b.) good conductor
c.) all choices are correct
d.) good insulator

Answer 8

b.) good conductor

Question 9

The technologist chooses the desired kvp setting using the autotransformer through a process called:

a.) mutual induction
b.) self induction
c.) voltage ripple
d.) rectification

Answer 9

b.) self induction

Question 10

The photoelectric effect is:

a.) a radiation scattering event
b.) the complete absorption of an electron with the subsequent emmision of an xray
c.) the complete absorption of a photon with the subsequent emission of an electron
d.) a partially exciting event

Answer 10

c.) the complete absorption of a photon with the susequent emission of an electron

Question 11

The beam that is found leaving the collimator and exposes the patient is called:

a.) transmitted beam
b.) collimator beam
c.) primary beam
d.) remnant beam

Answer 11

c.) primary beam

Question 12

The electron stream which bombards the anode is called:

a.) effective focal spot
b.) actual focal spot

Answer 12

b.) actual focal spot

Question 13

Xrays were discovered:

a.) dec. 8 1895
b.) nov 8 1895
c.) dec 12 1865
d.) nov 8 1985

Answer 13

b.) nov 8 1895

Question 14

When kvp is applied (rotor) there is a potential difference creating in the xray tube. Electrons are then sent from anode to cathode.

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 14

b.) false

Question 15

The reduction in the intensity of an xray beam as it passes through material is termed:

a.) attenuation
b.) scattering
c.) divergence
d.) absorption

Answer 15

a.) attenuation

Question 16

Which combination of factors will produce a total of 50 mas?

a.) 50 ma and 10 ms
b.) 250 ma and .2s
c.) 500 ma and .1 s
d.) 200 ma and 250 ms

a.) b, c and d only
b.) b and d only
c.) b only
d.) d only

Answer 16

a.) b, c and d only

Question 17

the compton effect is:

a.) the same as rayleigh scattering
b.) the same as the thompson effect
c.) the principal source of image noise (fog)
d.) also called classical scattering

Answer 17

c.) the principal source of image noise (fog)

Question 18

Attenuation is the process through which xray interactions with matter result in:

a.) reduction in beam divergence
b.) reduction in beam quality
c.) reduction in beam quantity
d.) reduction in beam penetrability

Answer 18

c.) reduction in beam quantity

Question 19

Which radiographic projection results in the highest percentage of xray attenuation? Assume that each body section is approximately equal thickness.

a.) AP abdomen
b.) attenuation is equal for all parts
c.) AP pelvis
d.) AP chest

Answer 19

c.) AP pelvis

Question 20

The total amount of diagnostic filtration can be determined by finding the sum of:

a.) inherent and compensating filtration
b.) compensating and added filtration
c.) compression and compensating filtration
d.) inherent and added filtration

Answer 20

d.) inherent and added filtration

Question 21

The N shell can hold ____________ electrons

a.) 8
b.) 32
c.) 4
d.) 64

Answer 21

b.) 32

Question 22

As mas increases, quality:

a.) increases by a factor a 4
b.) decreases
c.) is unaffected
d.) increases

Answer 22

c.) is unaffected

Question 23

The first radiograph produced by dr roentgen was of :

a.) his neighbors dog
b.) his daughters hand
c.) his wifes hand
d.) clarence dallys hand

Answer 23

c.) his wifes hand

Question 24

How does filtration affect the primary beam?

a.) it increases the average energy of the primary beam
b.) it decreases the average energy of the primary beam
c.) it makes the primary beam more penetrating
d.) it increases the intensity of the primary beam

Answer 24

a.) it increases the average energy of the primary beam

Question 25

Which of the following events will not occur in the diagnostic range of xray energies?

a.) photoelectric
b.) compton
c.) photodisintegration
d.) classical

Answer 25

c.) photodisintegration

Question 26

In the absense of the autotransformer, the step up and step down transformers would be supplied with a continuous voltage of:

a.) 220 volts
b.) 440 volts
c.) 110 votls
d.) 60 volts

Answer 26

a.) 220 volts

Question 27

In a tungsten atom, a brems interaction will occur when the incident electrons ___________.

a.) strikes the nucleus
b.) interacts with the force field around the nucleus
c.) strikes an outer shell electron
d.) stikes an inner shell electron

Answer 27

b.) interacts with the force field around the nucleus

Question 28

A battery stored on a shelf is an example of what?

a.) kinetic energy
b.) stable energy
c.) potential energy
d.) inertia

Answer 28

c.) potential energy

Question 29

The largest amount of diagnostic xray absorption is most likely to occur in which of the following tissues?

a.) lung
b.) bone
c.) adipose
d.) muscle

Answer 29

b.) bone

Question 30

The most useful characteristic photons are produced when electrons interact with:

a.) inner shell electrons
b.) outer shell electrons
c.) the force field around the nucleus
d.) the nucleus

Answer 30

a.) inner shell electrons

Question 31

What photon energy is produced by a tungsten anode in an L shell (12.0 kev) vacancy is filled by an N shell electron (0.5 kev)?

a.) 69 kev
b.) 11.5 kev
c.) 9 kev
d.) 12.5 kev

Answer 31

b.) 11.5 kev

Question 32

Which of the following are considered fundamental quantities?

a.) time, matter, space
b.) mass, length, time
c.) work, energy, power, force
d.) velocity, force, power

Answer 32

b.) mass, length, time

Question 33

All of the following have an effect on patient dose:

a.) focal spot size
b.) millimaperage seconds
c.) inherent filtration
d.) kilovoltage

Answer 33

b.) milliamperage seconds
c.) inherent filtration
d.) kilovoltage

Question 34

The ampere is the unit of measure for:

a.) electrostatics
b.) electric current
c.) resistance
d.) electric potential

Answer 34

b.) electric current

Question 35

Photoelectric interactions:

a.) negatively affect radiographic image quality
b.) all are correct
c.) should be reduced as close to 0 events as possible
d.) contribute significantly to patient dose

Answer 35

d.) contribute significantly to patient dose

Question 36

The step up transformer in the xray circuit serves to modify the current within the xray system by converting:

a.) low frequency to high frequency
b.) single phase to three phase
c.) volts to kilovolts
d.) amps to kiloamps

Answer 36

c.) volts to kilovolts

Question 37

Coherent scattering involves:

a.) an xray photon with low energy
b.) ionization
c.) an xray photon with high energy
d.) all are correct

Answer 37

a.) an xray photon with low energy

Question 38

All of the electromagnetic radiations are capable of ionizing matter.

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 38

b.) false

Question 39

How will xray photon intensity be affected if the source to image distance (SID) is doubled?

a.) its intensity increases four fold
b.) its intensity increases two fold
c.) its intensity decreases two fold
d.) its intensity decreases four fold

Answer 39

d.) its intensity decreases four fold

Question 40

The inverse square law related intensity (of light/xrays) to:

a.) mass
b.) distance
c.) time
d.) velocity

Answer 40

b.) distance

Question 41

The xray interaction with matter that is responsible for the majority of scattered radiation reaching the IR is:

a.) compton scatter
b.) thomson scatter
c.) the photoelectric effect
d.) classical scatter

Answer 41

a.) compton scatter

Question 42

Compton scattering involves the xray photon:

a.) removing a middle or outer shell electron
b.) passing through the atom without any change
c.) removing an inner shell electron
d.) being absorbed in the atom

Answer 42

a.) removing a middle or outer shell electron

Question 43

If the distance from the source is changed from 72 inches to 36 inches and the original beam intensity was 200 mr, what is the new intensity?

a.) 100 mr
b.) 400 mr
c.) 800 mr
d.) 25 mr

Answer 43

c.) 800 mr

Question 44

____________ interact with tungsten atoms and create a brems or characteristics xray.

a.) electrons
b.) electrons and photons
c.) characteristics electrons
d.) photons

Answer 44

a.) electrons

Question 45

What is produced when an incident electron excites an outer shell electron?

a.) characteristic photon
b.) heat
c.) brems photon
d.) classical photon

Answer 45

b.) heat

Question 46

To double the beam quantity

a.) leave the mas as is and reduce the kvp
b.) halve the mas
c.) double the mas
d.) increase the mas by a factor of 4

Answer 46

c.) double the mas

Question 47

As the kvp increases, (choose all that apply)

a.) beam quantity increases
b.) beam penetrability increases
c.) beam energy decreases
d.) beam quality remains the same while the quantity increases

Answer 47

a.) beam quantity increases
b.) beam penetrability increases

Question 48

What is the binding energy of a “K” shell in a tungsten atom?

a.) 74 mas
b.) 32.5 kev
c.) 69.5 kev
d.) 74 kev

Answer 48

c.) 69.5 kev

Question 49

As the anode target angle increases:

a.) target rotating speed increases
b.) effective focal spot size increases
c.) kvp increases
d.) radiation intensity on the central ray increases
e.) heel effect becomes more pronounced

Answer 49

b.) effective focal spot size increases

Question 50

When xray tube filtration is increased, xray quantity:

a.) increases
b.) decreases
c.) filtration doesnt affect quantity
d.) remains the same

Answer 50

b.) decreases

Question 51

How does adding filtration to the xray tube assembly change the characteristcs of the xray beam?

a.) increases quantity, decreased quality
b.) decreased quanitty, decreased quality
c.) decreased quanitity, increased quality
d.) increased quantity, increased quality

Answer 51

c.) decreased quantity, increased quality

Question 52

Which component of the xray circuit must be powered by alternating current (AC) in order to function correctly?

a.) mas selector
b.) the transformers
c.) the rectifiers
d.) exposure timer

Answer 52

b.) the transformers

Question 53

Xray beam intensity is a term describing the:

a.) number of photons
b.) frequency of photons
c.) maximum energy of photons
d.) photon quality

Answer 53

a.) number of photons

Question 54

One of the cardinal principles of radiation protection states that the radiographic technologist should minimize which of the following?

a.) kvp
b.) shielding
c.) time
d.) mas
e.) distance

Answer 54

c.) time

Question 55

What combination of factors results in the highest quality xray beam?

a.) 82 kvp, 25 mas, 2.5 mm AL
b.) 96 kvp, 15 mas, 3.5 mm al
c.) 96 kvp, 50 mas, 2.5 mm al
d.) 82 kvp, 25 mas, 3.5 mm al

Answer 55

b.) 96 kvp, 15 mas, 3.5 mm al

Question 56

Which of the following will decrease patient dose?

a.) maximize distance
b.) minimize distance
c.) maximize time
d.) minimize patient protection

Answer 56

a.) maximize distance

Question 57

The passage of radiation through matter without interaction is described as;

a.) transmission
b.) divergence
c.) attenuation
d.) scatter

Answer 57

a.) transmission

Question 58

Frequency is typically measured in :

a.) centimeters
b.) hertz
c.) meters
d.) feet

Answer 58

b.) hertz

Question 59

The heel effect occurs because of:

a.) xray absorption in the anode
b.) the shape charge effect
c.) the shape of the filament
d.) a focusing cup
e.) reduced tube current

Answer 59

a.) xray absorption in the anode

Question 60

to avoid damaging the xray tube components the electrical power supplied to the xray tube must be:

a.) low voltage
b.) alternating current
c.) direct current
d.) high voltage

Answer 60

c.) direct current

Question 61

What percentage of electrons is converted to xray photons?

a.) 1%
b.) 100%
c.) 99%
d.) 12%

Answer 61

a.) 1%

Question 62

Exposure dose and dose equivalent are:

a.) derived quantities
b.) specific to SI units
c.) fundamental quantities
d.) radiologic quantities

Answer 62

d.) radiologic quantities

Question 63

Small anode target angles result in which of the following?

a.) better collimation
b.) increased heat capacity
c.) less heel effect
d.) small focal spot size

Answer 63

d.) small focal spot size

Question 64

the radiographer has no control over the penetrability of the xray beam.

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 64

b.) false

Question 65

Most electrical energy in the xray tube is converted to:

a.) brems photons
b.) xray photons
c.) heat
d.) characteristic photons

Answer 65

c.) heat

Question 66

Which interaction is responsible for producing the most xray photons at the xray tube target?

a.) heat
b.) photoelectric
c.) brems
d.) characteristic

Answer 66

c.) brems

Question 67

Where do xrays exit once striking the target?

a.) the target window
b.) the filament circuit
c.) the secondary circuit
d.) the shutter

Answer 67

a.) the target window

Question 68

One main reason for the line focus principle is to:

a.) reduce exposure time
b.) increase xray intensity
c.) reduce focal spot size
d.) increase heat capacity

Answer 68

c.) reduce focal spot size

Question 69

An adjustable form of a resistor is:

a.) rheostat
b.) switch
c.) diode
d.) capacitor

Answer 69

a.) rheostat

Question 70

Choose all that apply:

a.) xrays travel at 1/2 the speed of light
b.) xrays release small amounts of heat when passing through matter
c.) xrays travel at the speed of light
d.) xrays are electrically neutral therefore unaffected by electric or magnetic fields
e.) xrays can ionize matter

Answer 70

b.) xrays release small amounts of heat when passing through matter
c.) xrays travel at the speed of light
d.) xrays are electrically neutral therefore unaffected by electric or magnetic fields
e.) xrays can ionize matter

Question 71

A transformer operates on the priciple of:

a.) electromechanical action
b.) electromagnetic induction
c.) magnetism
d.) mechanical transformation

Answer 71

b.) electromagnetic induction

Question 72

The ability to do work because of the separation of charges is:

a.) electric current
b.) electrostatics
c.) resistance
d.) electric potential

Answer 72

d.) electric potential

Question 73

Characteristic photon energy is equal to:

a.) the binding energy of the outer shell electrons
b.) the difference between the original and final energy of the incident electron
c.) the kilovoltage peak set by the technologist
d.) the difference between the inner shell and outer shell binding energy

Answer 73

d.) the difference between the inner shell and outer shell binding energy

Question 74

In most xray tubes, there are two filaments to:

a.) provide two electrodes
b.) provide two focal spots
c.) ensure saturation current
d.) produce higher energy xrays

Answer 74

b.) provide two focal spots

Question 75

what is the function of a line compensator?

a.) to adjust tube current
b.) to adjust the voltage across the step up transformer
c.) to adjust variations in voltage from the power supply to the circuit

Answer 75

c.) to adjust variations in voltage from the power supply to the circuit

Question 76

Which of the following photon interactions contribute to the attenuation of the xray beam?

1.) coherent scattering
2.) photoelectric absorption
3.) compton scattering

a.) 1 only
b.) 2 only
c.) 2 and 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3

Answer 76

d.) 1, 2 and 3

Question 77

What is the secondary output voltage of the autotransformer when the assigned tube potential is 76 kvp?

a.) 220 v
b.) 76 v
c.) 220 kvp
d.) 76kv

Answer 77

b.) 76 v

Question 78

Distance and xray beam quantity or intensity share what kind of relationship?

a.) direct
b.) inverse

Answer 78

b.) inverse

Question 79

An autotransformer is used to control which aspect of the xray circuit electrical supply?

a.) resistance
b.) rectification
c.) power
d.) voltage

Answer 79

d.) voltage

Question 80

There are two ways to describe electromagnetic radiation. This idea states that EMR may exhibit characteristics of ____________ and ____________.

a.) waves, particles
b.) waves, frequencies
c.) frequencies, particles
d.) electrons, photons

Answer 80

a.) waves, particles

Question 81

If 2 chest xrays are performed at 120 kv, 10 ma, .2 seconds, using a three phase 6 pulse generator. How many heat units will be produced?

a.) some of the above but not all
b.) microwaves
c.) they all have equal velocity
d.) xrays and gamm rays
e.) radiowaves

Answer 81

c.) they all have equal velocity

Question 82

A large anode angle will produce which of the following?

a.) a large heel effect
b.) increased image receptor exposure
c.) decreased image receptor exposure
d.) increase in spatial resolution

Answer 82

b.) increased image receptor exposure

Question 83

In the xray circuit, which transformer does voltage travel through first?

a.) step down transformer
b.) step up transformer
c.) mutual induction transformer
d.) autotransformer

Answer 83

d.) autotransformer

Question 84

Characteristic radiation is created within the xray tube when high energy electrons interact with:

a.) electric field of the nucleus
b.) outer shell electrons
c.) nuclear force field of the nucleus
d.) inner shell electrons

Answer 84

d.) inner shell electrons

Question 85

Aluminum filtration has its greatest effect on:

a.) high energy scattered photons
b.) low energy xray photons
c.) high energy xray photons
d.) low energy scattered photons

Answer 85

b.) low energy xray photons

Question 86

which of the following electromagnetic radiation have the lower energy level?

a.) visible light
b.) xray
c.) microwaves
d.) radiowaves

Answer 86

d.) radiowaves

Question 87

If a transformer has 8 turns in the primary 40 turns in the secondary and 110 volts applied, what is the output voltage?

a.) 22 amps
b.) 22 volts
c.) 550 volts
d.) 550 amps

Answer 87

c.) 550 volts

Question 88

The energy of a characteristic photon will change when which of the following variables is modified?

a.) tube current
b.) tube voltage
c.) anode material
d.) filtration thickness

Answer 88

c.) anode material

Question 89

In order to reduce occupational exposure during a portable radiograph of the chest, the tech should:

a.) apply a grid to the image receptr
b.) apply lead sheilding to the patients pelvis
c.) stand several feet away from the patient during the exposure
d.) decrease the exposure time and increase techniques

Answer 89

c.) stand several feet away from the patient during the exposure

Question 90

Concerning xray beam transmission, the addition of high z number contrast agents results in:

a.) decreased transmission
b.) no change in transmission
c.) increased transmission

Answer 90

a.) decreased transmission

Question 91

One of the main purposes of beam filtration is to:

a.) reduce patient dose
b.) all are correct
c.) reduce the wear and tear on the tube
d.) control beam quantity

Answer 91

a.) reduce patient dose