Image Production Review Assignment

Question 1

The control that adjusts the contrast by adjusting the visible range of densities on the image is the:

a.) window pane
b.) window level
c.) window width
d.) all are correct

Answer 1

c.) window width

Question 2

If a circuit contains 90 ohms of resistance with 120 volts applied, the current will be:

a.) 1. 3 amps
b.) 10,800 amps
c.) 0.75 amps
d.) 10.8 amps

Answer 2

a.) 1. 3 amps

Question 3

Which of the following interactions represents the highest contribution to occupational exposure during a radiographic procedure?

a.) compton interactions
b.) pair production
c.) classical interactions
d.) photoelectric interactions

Answer 3

a.) compton interactions

Question 4

An increase in total filtration of the xray beam will decrease:

a.) beam HVL
b.) image quality
c.) the avergae energy of the xray beam
d.) IR exposure

Answer 4

d.) IR exposure

Question 5

A radiograph of an abdomen is produced using 80 kvp, 10 mas, 40’ SID and no grid. The exam is repeated with an 8:1 grid. What should the mas be adjusted to in order to maintain the same receptor exposure?

a.) 40 mas
b.) 20 mas
c.) 30 mas
d.) 50 mas

Answer 5

a.) 40 mas

Question 6

Brems photons are graphically represented by the:

a.) quality emission spectrum
b.) electromagnetic spectrum
c.) discrete emmission spectrum
d.) continuous emission spectrum

Answer 6

d.) continuous emission spectrum

Question 7

Increasing intensity ___________ beam quality

Answer 7

does not change

Question 8

If a transformer has 8 tyrns on the priamry, 40 turns in the secondary and 110 volts are applied, what is the output voltage?

a.) 22 volts
b.) 22 amps
c.) 550 volts
d.) 550 amps

Answer 8

c.) 550 volts

Question 9

As the kvp increases, choose all that apply

a.) beam energy decreases
b.) beam quality remains the same while the quantity increases
c.) beam penetrability increases
d.) beam quantity increases

Answer 9

c.) beam penetrability increases
d.) beam quantity increases

Question 10

How many shades of gray can each pixel in a digital matrix display?

a.) eight
b.) one
c.) five
d.) two

Answer 10

b.) one

Question 11

Appropriate scatter radiation control methods include which of the following?

1.) tight collimation
2.) lead masking at the edge of the exposure field
3.) appropriate use of a grid
4.) increasing FOV
5.) using an air gap method

a.) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
b.) 1, 2 , 3 and 5 only
c.) 2, 3 and 5 only
d.) 1, 2 and 4 only

Answer 11

b.) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only

Question 12

An exposure created at 40” SID produces an intensity of 200 mgy. If the distance is increased to a 72” SID, what is the new intensity?

a.) 62
b.) 650
c.) 111
d.) 151

Answer 12

a.) 62

Question 13

The speed of light is quantified as 3 x 10 ^ 8 m/s.

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 13

a.) true

Question 14

A particular radiograph was produced using 12 mas and 85 kvp with a 16:1 ratio grid. The radiograph is to be repeated using an 8:1 grid ratio grid. What should be the new milliampere seconds value?

a.) 8
b.) 10
c.) 6
d.) 3

Answer 14

a.) 8

Question 15

Compton scattering involves the xray photon:

a.) removing an inner shell electron
b.) being absorbed by the atom
c.) removing a middle or outer shell electron
d.) passing through the atom without any change

Answer 15

c.) removing a middle or outer shell electron

Question 16

If kvp is doubled, beam quantity will:

a. increase by a factor of 2
b.) increase by a factor of 4
c.) double
d.) be cut in half

Answer 16

b.) increase by a factor of 4

Question 17

An atom in a normal state has an electrical charge of _________________.

a.) zero
b.) one
c.) negative
d.) positive

Answer 17

a.) zero

Question 18

In digital imaging, mas selection has an effect on:

1.) receptor exposure
2.) patient dose
3.) image contrast

a.) 1 and 2 only
b.) 1 only
c.) 2 and 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3

Answer 18

a.) 1 and 2 only

Question 19

A measure of the ability of a system to display contrast of anatomic objects varying in size describes:

a.) FOV
b.) OID
c.) MTF
d.) DQE

Answer 19

c.) MTF

Question 20

Photons with the highest frequencies have the ____________.

a.) shortest wavelengths
b.) longest wavelengths
c.) highest velocity
d.) lowest energy

Answer 20

a.) shortest wavelenghts

Question 21

All of the electromagnetic radiations are capable of ionizing matter.

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 21

b.) false

Question 22

Which of the following will increase beam attenuation?

a.) decreasing tissue density
b.) thicker anatomic part
c.) higher kilovoltage
d.) lower atomic number

Answer 22

b.) thicker atomic part

Question 23

Characteristic photon energy is equal to:

a.) the difference between the original and final energy of the incident electron
b.) the kvp set by the tech
c.) the difference between the original and final energy of the incident electron
d.) the binding energy of the outer shell electron

Answer 23

c.) the difference between the original and final energy of the incident electron

Question 24

Distance and xray beam quantity or intensity share what kind of relationship?

a.) inverse
b.) direct

Answer 24

a.) inverse

Question 25

Characteristic photons are graphically represented by the: a.) continuous emssion spectrum b.) electromagnetic spectrum c.) discrete emission spectrum d.) quality emission spectrum

Answer 25

c.) discrete emission spectrum

Question 26

In the SI system, the unit of measure for length is: a.) foot b.) meter c.) mile d.) kilometer

Answer 26

b.) meter

Question 27

Like charges _____________ and unlike charges ______________. a.) repel, repel b.) attract, attract c.) repel, attract d.) attract, repel

Answer 27

c.) repel, attract

Question 28

According to the basic principles of radiation protection, a radiographer should minimize what? a.) shielding b.) distance c.) patient protection d.) time

Answer 28

d.) time

Question 29

Foreshortening is caused by: a.) excessive angle of the tube to the IR b.) insufficient distance between the focus and the IR c.) excessive distance between the object and the IR d.) the radiographic object being placed at an angle to the IR

Answer 29

d.) the radiographic object being placed at an angle to the IR

Question 30

Leakage radiation in an xray tube must not exceed: a.) 100 mr/h per meter b.) 1 mr/h per meter c.) 10 mr/h per inch d.) 200 mr/h per foot

Answer 30

a.) 100 mr/h per meter

Question 31

All of the following are related to spatial resolution except:: a.) focal spot size b.) OID c.) SID d.) milliamperage

Answer 31

d.) milliamperage

Question 32

All of the following have an effect on patietn dose: (choose all that apply) a.) focal spot size b.) millamperage seconds c.) kilovoltage d.) inherent filtration

Answer 32

b.) milliamperage seconds c.) kilovoltage d.) inherent filtration

Question 33

The ampere is the unit of measure for: a.) resistance b.) electric potential c.) electrostatics d.) electric current

Answer 33

d.) electric current

Question 34

Choose all that apply: a.) xrays are affected by electric or magnetic fields b.) xrays travel in straight lines c.) xrays can be focused by a lens d.) xrays travel at the speed of light

Answer 34

b.) xrays travel in straight lines d.) xrays travel at the speed of light

Question 36

a source produces a radiation intensity of 150 mR/hr (1.5 mgy/hr) at 10 m. At what distance does the exposure rate equal 1000 mr/h? a.) 3.9 m b.) 5.0 m c.) 3.3 m d.) 6.7 m e.) 8.2 m

Answer 36

a.) 3.9 m

Question 37

A decrease in kilovoltage will result in: 1.) a decrease in image resolution 2.) a decrease in photon energy 3.) a decrease in receptor exposure a.) 2 and 3 only b.) 1 and 2 only c.) 1, 2 and 3 d.) 1 only

Answer 37

a.) 2 and 3 only

Question 38

A measurement of the efficiency of an image receptor in converting xray exposure to a quality image describes: a.) MTF b.) FOV c.) dynamic range d.) DQE

Answer 38

d.) DQE

Question 39

Out of the following factors, which set will provide the least amount of receptor exposure? a.) 80 kvp, 8 mas, 72" SID, small FSS, 5:1 grid b.) 60 kvp, 10 mas, 72" SID, small FSS, 8:1 grid c.) 80 kvp, 10 mas, 40" SID, large FSS, 8:1 grid d.) 60 kvp, 20 mas, 72" SID, large FSS , no grid

Answer 39

b.) 60 kvp, 10 mas, 72" SID, small FSS, 8:1 grid

Question 40

As the kvp increases, (choose all that apply) a.) beam quality remains the ame while the quantity increases b.) beam penetrability increases c.) beam quantity increases d.) beam energy decreases

Answer 40

b.) beam penetrability increases c.) beam quantity increases

Question 41

The energy of a brems photon is dependent on which of the following variable? a.) binding energy of orbital electrons b.) proximity of the incident electron to the nucleus c.) electron binding energy of the k shell d.) direct imapact with the nucleus

Answer 41

b.) proximity of the incident electron to the nucleus

Question 42

The heel effect occurs because of: a.) a focusing cup b.) xray absorption in the anode c.) reduced tube current d.) the shape charge effect e.) the shape of the filament

Answer 42

b.) xray absorption in the anode

Question 43

In a 12 bit analog to digital converter, each pixel will have how many possible values? a.) 256 b.) 1024 c.) 4096 d.) 512

Answer 43

c.) 4096

Question 44

In order to reduce occupational dose during a portable radiograph of the chest, the technologist should: a.) stand several feet away from the patient during the exposure b.) apply lead shielding over the patients pelvis c.) apply a grid to the image receptor d.) decrease the exposure time and increase techniques

Answer 44

a.) stand several feet away from the patient during the exposure

Question 45

An artifact: a.) no correct answer b.) is always due to items imaged that are not part of the anatomy (such as necklaces that were not removed) c.) includes over and underexposure on an image d.) is an unwanted image seen in a radiograph

Answer 45

d.) is an unwanted image seen in a radiograph

Question 46

Alpha and beta particles are similar to xrays and gamma rays in that they: a.) are part of the electromagnetic spectrum b.) have characteristics of wavelength and frequency c.) have the ability to ionize matter d.) have no mass

Answer 46

c.) have the ability to ionize matter

Question 47

Scatter radiation reduces radiographic quality by changing: a.) contrast b.) optical density c.) blurring d.) distortion

Answer 47

a.) contrast

Question 48

Fog seen on a radiographic image is primarily the result of: a.) classical interactions b.) compton interactions c.) photoelectric interactions d.) coherent interactions

Answer 48

b.) compton interactions

Question 49

A small anode angle will do which of the following? a.) increase image receptor exposure because of a lack of electron absorption from the anode b.) increase spatial resolution by creating a small effective focal spot c.) decrease spatial resolution by creating a large effective focal spot d.) increase heat dissipation due to a larger surface area being bombarded by electrons

Answer 49

b.) increase spatial resolution by creating a small effective focal spot

Question 50

To double the beam quantity: a.) increase the mas by a factor of 4 b.) halve the mas c.) double the mas d.) leave the mas as is and reduce the kvp

Answer 50

b.) double the mas

Question 51

When the formula v=fh is changed to c=fa the c represents the constant symbol for: a.) amplitude b.) wavelength c.) the speed of light d.) frequency

Answer 51

c.) the speed of light

Question 52

As mas increases, quality: a.) is unaffected b.) increases by a factor of 4 c.) increases d.) decreases

Answer 52

a.) is unaffected

Question 53

Which of the following are considered fundamental quantities? a.) velocity, force and power b.) work, energy, power and force c.) mass, length and time d.) time, matter and space

Answer 53

c.) mass, length and time

Question 54

Electromagnetic energy cannot travel through a vaccuum. a.) true b.) false

Answer 54

b.) false

Question 55

The solid state rectifier has an ____________ crystal and a _____________ crystal. a.) a type and c type b.) x type and z type c.) p type and n type d.) a type and b type

Answer 55

c.) p type and n type

Question 56

A radiograph is made using a 40" SID resulting in an intensity of 0.02 mGy. What will be the intensity if a second image is taken at a 72" SID? a.) 0.025 mGy b.) 0.06 mGy c.) 0.032 mGy d.) 0.006 mGy

Answer 56

d.) 0.006 mGy

Question 57

Attenuation is the process through which xray interactions with matter result in: a.) reduction in beam penetrability b.) reduction in beam quality c.) reduction in beam quantity d.) reduction in beam divergence

Answer 57

c.) reduction in beam quantity

Question 58

30 mas=120ma x _________ ms a.) 250 b.) 0.25 c.) 25 d.) 0.025

Answer 58

a.) 250

Question 59

An autotransformer is used to control which aspect of the xray circuit electrical supply ? a.) resistance b.) rectification c.) power d.) voltage

Answer 59

d.) voltage

Question 60

If a chest xray is performed at 120 kv, 10 ma, 0.2 seconds, using a three phase 6 pulse generator. How many HU (heat units) will be produced? a.) 240 HU b.) 324 HU c.) 24 HU d.) 3240 HU

Answer 60

b.) 324 HU

Question 61

What pixel size has a 512 x 512 matrix with a 20 cm FOV? a.) 0.07 mm/pixel b.) 0.04 mm/pixel c.) 4 mm/pixel d.) .40 mm/pixel

Answer 61

d.) .40mm/pixel

Question 62

During a photoelectric interaction, a.) an inner shell electron is ejected b.) an outer shell electron is ejected c.) electrons for all levels are ejected d.) no electrons are ejected

Answer 62

a.) an inner shell electron is ejected

Question 63

Anatomic structures that readily transmit xrays: a.) have a high effective atomic number b.) have a high probability for photoelectric effect c.) are called radiopaque d.) are called radiolucent

Answer 63

d.) are called radiolucent

Question 64

Which combination of exposure factors will produce a total mas of 50? 1.) 50 mA and 10 ms 2.) 250 ma and 0.2 s 3.) 500 ma and 0.1 s 4.) 200 ma and 250 ms a.) 2 and 4 only b.) 4 only c.) 2 only d.) 1, 2 and 4 only

Answer 64

a.) 2 and 4 only

Question 65

An exposure performed at 200 ma results in a beam intensity of 150 mgy. What will the intensity be in a second exposure is performed at 800 ma? a.) 300 mgy b.) 200 mgy c.) 40 mgy d.) 25 mgy

Answer 65

a.) 300 mgy

Question 66

A measure of the ability of a system to display contrast of anatomic objects varying in size describes: a.) MTF b.) DQE c.) FOV d.) OID

Answer 66

a.) MTF

Question 67

OUt of the following factors, which set will provide the most amount of contrast? a.) 60 kvp, 10 mas, 6" OID, 72" SID, small FSS, 8:1 grid, 1mm filtration b.) 60 kvp, 20 mas, 10" OID, 72" SID, large FSS, no grid, 1.5 mm filtration c.) 80 kvp, 8 mas, 2" OID, 40" SID, small FSS, 5:1 grid, 3 mm filtration d.) 80 kvp, 10 mas, 3" OID, 40" SID, large FSS, 8:1 grid, 2.5 mm filtration

Answer 67

a.) 60 kvp, 10 mas, 6" OID, 72" SID, small FSS, 8:1 grid, 1mm filtration

Question 68

In brems xray production: a.) the target electron is from the cathode b.) the projectile electron is from the cathode c.) the target eelctron is ionized d.) the projectile electron is bound to tungsten

Answer 68

b.) the projectile electron is from the cathode

Question 69

ELectrons in the M shell: a.) do not exceed 18 in number b.) never exceed 28 in number c.) have lower binding energy than those in the N shell d.) do not exist in an atom of carbon

Answer 69

a.) do not exceed 18 in number

Question 70

Decreasing patient thickness will: a.) increase transmission b.) increase beam attenuation c.) decrease transmission d.) increase absorption

Answer 70

a.) increase transmission

Question 71

Saturation indicates: a.) quantam mottle b.) underexposure of the IR c.) fog d.) overexposure of the IR

Answer 71

d.) overexposrue of the IR

Question 72

Increasing tissue thickness will: a.) increase beam attenuation b.) decrease absorption c.) increase transmission d.) decrease beam attenuation

Answer 72

a.) increase beam attenuation

Question 73

Velocity is a measure of what? a.) inertia b.) acceleration c.) stamina d.) speed

Answer 73

d.) speed

Question 74

In a tungesten atom, a brems interaction will occur when the incident electron a.) strikes an outer shell electron b.) interacts with the force field around the nucleus c.) strikes an inner shell electron d.) strikes the nucleus

Answer 74

b.) interacts with the force field around the nucleus

Question 75

When the distance between the xray source and radiographer increases, the effected dose to the radiographer will: a.) decrease b.) no change c.) increase

Answer 75

a.) decrease

Question 76

Which of the following is the primary controlling factor of quantity? a.) kvp b.) mas

Answer 76

b.) mas

Question 77

Voltage ripple for a three phase six pulse generator is: a.) 13% b.) 100% c.) 3.5 % d.) 1%

Answer 77

a.) 13 %

Question 78

An increase in the image size of an object compared with its true, or actual size is called: a.) shape distortion b.) sharpness distortion c.) size distortion d.) minification

Answer 78

c.) size distortion

Question 79

How many pixels does a 600 x 600 matrix have? a.) 3600 b.) 600 c.) 360000 d.) 1200

Answer 79

c.) 360000

Question 80

Coherent scattering involves a.) all are correct b.) an xray photon with low energy c.) an xray photon with high energy d.) ionization

Answer 80

b.) an xray photon with low energy

Question 81

As kvp increases, scatter radiation will a.) remain unchanged b.) increase because of more compton interaction c.) decrease beacuase of less compton interaction d.) decrease because of less photoelecctric interaction

Answer 81

b.) increase beacuase of less compton interaction

Question 82

If an atom has the same number of electrons and protons, it will: a.) become unstable b.) have a negative charge c.) have a positive charge d.) be electrically neutral

Answer 82

d.) be electrically neutral

Question 83

Which of the following is the required lead or lead equivalent for a secondary barrier in an xray room? a.) 1/32 b.) 1/16 c.) 1/25 d.) 1/3

Answer 83

a.) 1/32

Question 84

What combination of factors results in the highest quality xray beam? a.) 82 kvp, 25 mas, 3.5 mm Al b.) 96 kvp, 15 mas, 3.5 mm al c.) 96 kvp, 50 mas, 2.5 mm AL d.) 82 kvp, 25 mas, 2.5 mm al

Answer 84

b.) 96 kvp, 15 mas, 3.5 mm al

Question 85

All of the following have an effect on patient dose (choose all that apply) a.) inherent filtration b.) millamerage seconds c.) kilovoltage d.) focal spot size

Answer 85

a.) inherent filtration b.) milliamperage seconds c.) kilovoltage

Question 86

A battery stored on a shelf is an examply of what? a.) stable energy b.) potential energy c.) kinetic energy d.) inertia

Answer 86

b.) potential energy

Question 87

In a tungsten atom, a brems interaction will occur when the incident electron __________ a.) strikes an inner shell electron b.) interacts with the force field around the nucleus c.) strikes the nucleus d.) strikes an outer shell electron

Answer 87

b.) Interacts wiht the force field around the nucleus

Question 88

A current with a single path for elecctric current flow is defined as: a.) closed circuit b.) parallel cirvuit c.) open circuit d.) series circuit

Answer 88

d.) series circuit

Question 89

Exposure rate will decrease with an increase in: a.) kvp b.) SID c.) all are correct d.) focal spot size

Answer 89

b.) SID

Question 90

A large anode angle will produce which of the following? a.) increase in spatial resolution b.) increase image receptor exposure c.) a large heel effect d.) deccreased image receptor exposure

Answer 90

b.) increase image receptor exposure

Question 91

A lateral lumbar spine image demonstrates adequate receptor exposure and acceptable contrast using a fixed technique. How will these iamge factors change in the same technique is used to acquire a collimated view of the L5-S1 articulation? a.) decreased receptor exposure b.) no change in receptor exposure c.) increased receptor exposure

Answer 91

a.) decreased receptor exposure

Question 92

Which of the following is not a contributor to xray beam quality? a.) penetrability b.) kvp c.) filtration d.) mas

Answer 92

d.) mas

Question 93

How does adding filtration to the xray tube assembly change the characteristics of the xray beam? a.) increase quantity, decrease quality b.) decrease quantity, increase quality c.) increased quality, increased quantity d.) decreased quantity, decreased quality

Answer 93

b.) decrease quantity, increase quality

Question 94

A material that has a large number of free electrons is a: a.) all choices are correct b.) good insulator c.) good conductor d.) poor conductor

Answer 94

c.) good conductor

Question 95

Once processed the digital image is referred to as a: a.) resolved image b.) latent image c.) manifest image d.) invisible image

Answer 95

c.) manifest image