Image Production Review Assignment Flashcards
The control that adjusts the contrast by adjusting the visible range of densities on the image is the:
a.) window pane
b.) window level
c.) window width
d.) all are correct
c.) window width
If a circuit contains 90 ohms of resistance with 120 volts applied, the current will be:
a.) 1. 3 amps
b.) 10,800 amps
c.) 0.75 amps
d.) 10.8 amps
a.) 1. 3 amps
Which of the following interactions represents the highest contribution to occupational exposure during a radiographic procedure?
a.) compton interactions
b.) pair production
c.) classical interactions
d.) photoelectric interactions
a.) compton interactions
An increase in total filtration of the xray beam will decrease:
a.) beam HVL
b.) image quality
c.) the avergae energy of the xray beam
d.) IR exposure
d.) IR exposure
A radiograph of an abdomen is produced using 80 kvp, 10 mas, 40’ SID and no grid. The exam is repeated with an 8:1 grid. What should the mas be adjusted to in order to maintain the same receptor exposure?
a.) 40 mas
b.) 20 mas
c.) 30 mas
d.) 50 mas
a.) 40 mas
Brems photons are graphically represented by the:
a.) quality emission spectrum
b.) electromagnetic spectrum
c.) discrete emmission spectrum
d.) continuous emission spectrum
d.) continuous emission spectrum
Increasing intensity ___________ beam quality
does not change
If a transformer has 8 tyrns on the priamry, 40 turns in the secondary and 110 volts are applied, what is the output voltage?
a.) 22 volts
b.) 22 amps
c.) 550 volts
d.) 550 amps
c.) 550 volts
As the kvp increases, choose all that apply
a.) beam energy decreases
b.) beam quality remains the same while the quantity increases
c.) beam penetrability increases
d.) beam quantity increases
c.) beam penetrability increases
d.) beam quantity increases
How many shades of gray can each pixel in a digital matrix display?
a.) eight
b.) one
c.) five
d.) two
b.) one
Appropriate scatter radiation control methods include which of the following?
1.) tight collimation
2.) lead masking at the edge of the exposure field
3.) appropriate use of a grid
4.) increasing FOV
5.) using an air gap method
a.) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
b.) 1, 2 , 3 and 5 only
c.) 2, 3 and 5 only
d.) 1, 2 and 4 only
b.) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only
An exposure created at 40” SID produces an intensity of 200 mgy. If the distance is increased to a 72” SID, what is the new intensity?
a.) 62
b.) 650
c.) 111
d.) 151
a.) 62
The speed of light is quantified as 3 x 10 ^ 8 m/s.
a.) true
b.) false
a.) true
A particular radiograph was produced using 12 mas and 85 kvp with a 16:1 ratio grid. The radiograph is to be repeated using an 8:1 grid ratio grid. What should be the new milliampere seconds value?
a.) 8
b.) 10
c.) 6
d.) 3
a.) 8
Compton scattering involves the xray photon:
a.) removing an inner shell electron
b.) being absorbed by the atom
c.) removing a middle or outer shell electron
d.) passing through the atom without any change
c.) removing a middle or outer shell electron
If kvp is doubled, beam quantity will:
a. increase by a factor of 2
b.) increase by a factor of 4
c.) double
d.) be cut in half
b.) increase by a factor of 4
An atom in a normal state has an electrical charge of _________________.
a.) zero
b.) one
c.) negative
d.) positive
a.) zero
In digital imaging, mas selection has an effect on:
1.) receptor exposure
2.) patient dose
3.) image contrast
a.) 1 and 2 only
b.) 1 only
c.) 2 and 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3
a.) 1 and 2 only
A measure of the ability of a system to display contrast of anatomic objects varying in size describes:
a.) FOV
b.) OID
c.) MTF
d.) DQE
c.) MTF
Photons with the highest frequencies have the ____________.
a.) shortest wavelengths
b.) longest wavelengths
c.) highest velocity
d.) lowest energy
a.) shortest wavelenghts
All of the electromagnetic radiations are capable of ionizing matter.
a.) true
b.) false
b.) false
Which of the following will increase beam attenuation?
a.) decreasing tissue density
b.) thicker anatomic part
c.) higher kilovoltage
d.) lower atomic number
b.) thicker atomic part
Characteristic photon energy is equal to:
a.) the difference between the original and final energy of the incident electron
b.) the kvp set by the tech
c.) the difference between the original and final energy of the incident electron
d.) the binding energy of the outer shell electron
c.) the difference between the original and final energy of the incident electron
Distance and xray beam quantity or intensity share what kind of relationship?
a.) inverse
b.) direct
a.) inverse
Characteristic photons are graphically represented by the:
a.) continuous emssion spectrum
b.) electromagnetic spectrum
c.) discrete emission spectrum
d.) quality emission spectrum
c.) discrete emission spectrum
In the SI system, the unit of measure for length is:
a.) foot
b.) meter
c.) mile
d.) kilometer
b.) meter
Like charges _____________ and unlike charges ______________.
a.) repel, repel
b.) attract, attract
c.) repel, attract
d.) attract, repel
c.) repel, attract
According to the basic principles of radiation protection, a radiographer should minimize what?
a.) shielding
b.) distance
c.) patient protection
d.) time
d.) time
Foreshortening is caused by:
a.) excessive angle of the tube to the IR
b.) insufficient distance between the focus and the IR
c.) excessive distance between the object and the IR
d.) the radiographic object being placed at an angle to the IR
d.) the radiographic object being placed at an angle to the IR
Leakage radiation in an xray tube must not exceed:
a.) 100 mr/h per meter
b.) 1 mr/h per meter
c.) 10 mr/h per inch
d.) 200 mr/h per foot
a.) 100 mr/h per meter
All of the following are related to spatial resolution except::
a.) focal spot size
b.) OID
c.) SID
d.) milliamperage
d.) milliamperage
All of the following have an effect on patietn dose: (choose all that apply)
a.) focal spot size
b.) millamperage seconds
c.) kilovoltage
d.) inherent filtration
b.) milliamperage seconds
c.) kilovoltage
d.) inherent filtration
The ampere is the unit of measure for:
a.) resistance
b.) electric potential
c.) electrostatics
d.) electric current
d.) electric current
Choose all that apply:
a.) xrays are affected by electric or magnetic fields
b.) xrays travel in straight lines
c.) xrays can be focused by a lens
d.) xrays travel at the speed of light
b.) xrays travel in straight lines
d.) xrays travel at the speed of light
a source produces a radiation intensity of 150 mR/hr (1.5 mgy/hr) at 10 m. At what distance does the exposure rate equal 1000 mr/h?
a.) 3.9 m
b.) 5.0 m
c.) 3.3 m
d.) 6.7 m
e.) 8.2 m
a.) 3.9 m
A decrease in kilovoltage will result in:
1.) a decrease in image resolution
2.) a decrease in photon energy
3.) a decrease in receptor exposure
a.) 2 and 3 only
b.) 1 and 2 only
c.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 1 only
a.) 2 and 3 only
A measurement of the efficiency of an image receptor in converting xray exposure to a quality image describes:
a.) MTF
b.) FOV
c.) dynamic range
d.) DQE
d.) DQE
Out of the following factors, which set will provide the least amount of receptor exposure?
a.) 80 kvp, 8 mas, 72” SID, small FSS, 5:1 grid
b.) 60 kvp, 10 mas, 72” SID, small FSS, 8:1 grid
c.) 80 kvp, 10 mas, 40” SID, large FSS, 8:1 grid
d.) 60 kvp, 20 mas, 72” SID, large FSS , no grid
b.) 60 kvp, 10 mas, 72” SID, small FSS, 8:1 grid
As the kvp increases, (choose all that apply)
a.) beam quality remains the ame while the quantity increases
b.) beam penetrability increases
c.) beam quantity increases
d.) beam energy decreases
b.) beam penetrability increases
c.) beam quantity increases
The energy of a brems photon is dependent on which of the following variable?
a.) binding energy of orbital electrons
b.) proximity of the incident electron to the nucleus
c.) electron binding energy of the k shell
d.) direct imapact with the nucleus
b.) proximity of the incident electron to the nucleus
The heel effect occurs because of:
a.) a focusing cup
b.) xray absorption in the anode
c.) reduced tube current
d.) the shape charge effect
e.) the shape of the filament
b.) xray absorption in the anode
In a 12 bit analog to digital converter, each pixel will have how many possible values?
a.) 256
b.) 1024
c.) 4096
d.) 512
c.) 4096
In order to reduce occupational dose during a portable radiograph of the chest, the technologist should:
a.) stand several feet away from the patient during the exposure
b.) apply lead shielding over the patients pelvis
c.) apply a grid to the image receptor
d.) decrease the exposure time and increase techniques
a.) stand several feet away from the patient during the exposure
An artifact:
a.) no correct answer
b.) is always due to items imaged that are not part of the anatomy (such as necklaces that were not removed)
c.) includes over and underexposure on an image
d.) is an unwanted image seen in a radiograph
d.) is an unwanted image seen in a radiograph
Alpha and beta particles are similar to xrays and gamma rays in that they:
a.) are part of the electromagnetic spectrum
b.) have characteristics of wavelength and frequency
c.) have the ability to ionize matter
d.) have no mass
c.) have the ability to ionize matter
Scatter radiation reduces radiographic quality by changing:
a.) contrast
b.) optical density
c.) blurring
d.) distortion
a.) contrast
Fog seen on a radiographic image is primarily the result of:
a.) classical interactions
b.) compton interactions
c.) photoelectric interactions
d.) coherent interactions
b.) compton interactions
A small anode angle will do which of the following?
a.) increase image receptor exposure because of a lack of electron absorption from the anode
b.) increase spatial resolution by creating a small effective focal spot
c.) decrease spatial resolution by creating a large effective focal spot
d.) increase heat dissipation due to a larger surface area being bombarded by electrons
b.) increase spatial resolution by creating a small effective focal spot
To double the beam quantity:
a.) increase the mas by a factor of 4
b.) halve the mas
c.) double the mas
d.) leave the mas as is and reduce the kvp
b.) double the mas
When the formula v=fh is changed to c=fa the c represents the constant symbol for:
a.) amplitude
b.) wavelength
c.) the speed of light
d.) frequency
c.) the speed of light
As mas increases, quality:
a.) is unaffected
b.) increases by a factor of 4
c.) increases
d.) decreases
a.) is unaffected
Which of the following are considered fundamental quantities?
a.) velocity, force and power
b.) work, energy, power and force
c.) mass, length and time
d.) time, matter and space
c.) mass, length and time
Electromagnetic energy cannot travel through a vaccuum.
a.) true
b.) false
b.) false
The solid state rectifier has an ____________ crystal and a _____________ crystal.
a.) a type and c type
b.) x type and z type
c.) p type and n type
d.) a type and b type
c.) p type and n type
A radiograph is made using a 40” SID resulting in an intensity of 0.02 mGy. What will be the intensity if a second image is taken at a 72” SID?
a.) 0.025 mGy
b.) 0.06 mGy
c.) 0.032 mGy
d.) 0.006 mGy
d.) 0.006 mGy
Attenuation is the process through which xray interactions with matter result in:
a.) reduction in beam penetrability
b.) reduction in beam quality
c.) reduction in beam quantity
d.) reduction in beam divergence
c.) reduction in beam quantity
30 mas=120ma x _________ ms
a.) 250
b.) 0.25
c.) 25
d.) 0.025
a.) 250
An autotransformer is used to control which aspect of the xray circuit electrical supply ?
a.) resistance
b.) rectification
c.) power
d.) voltage
d.) voltage
If a chest xray is performed at 120 kv, 10 ma, 0.2 seconds, using a three phase 6 pulse generator. How many HU (heat units) will be produced?
a.) 240 HU
b.) 324 HU
c.) 24 HU
d.) 3240 HU
b.) 324 HU
What pixel size has a 512 x 512 matrix with a 20 cm FOV?
a.) 0.07 mm/pixel
b.) 0.04 mm/pixel
c.) 4 mm/pixel
d.) .40 mm/pixel
d.) .40mm/pixel
During a photoelectric interaction,
a.) an inner shell electron is ejected
b.) an outer shell electron is ejected
c.) electrons for all levels are ejected
d.) no electrons are ejected
a.) an inner shell electron is ejected
Anatomic structures that readily transmit xrays:
a.) have a high effective atomic number
b.) have a high probability for photoelectric effect
c.) are called radiopaque
d.) are called radiolucent
d.) are called radiolucent
Which combination of exposure factors will produce a total mas of 50?
1.) 50 mA and 10 ms
2.) 250 ma and 0.2 s
3.) 500 ma and 0.1 s
4.) 200 ma and 250 ms
a.) 2 and 4 only
b.) 4 only
c.) 2 only
d.) 1, 2 and 4 only
a.) 2 and 4 only
An exposure performed at 200 ma results in a beam intensity of 150 mgy. What will the intensity be in a second exposure is performed at 800 ma?
a.) 300 mgy
b.) 200 mgy
c.) 40 mgy
d.) 25 mgy
a.) 300 mgy
A measure of the ability of a system to display contrast of anatomic objects varying in size describes:
a.) MTF
b.) DQE
c.) FOV
d.) OID
a.) MTF
OUt of the following factors, which set will provide the most amount of contrast?
a.) 60 kvp, 10 mas, 6” OID, 72” SID, small FSS, 8:1 grid, 1mm filtration
b.) 60 kvp, 20 mas, 10” OID, 72” SID, large FSS, no grid, 1.5 mm filtration
c.) 80 kvp, 8 mas, 2” OID, 40” SID, small FSS, 5:1 grid, 3 mm filtration
d.) 80 kvp, 10 mas, 3” OID, 40” SID, large FSS, 8:1 grid, 2.5 mm filtration
a.) 60 kvp, 10 mas, 6” OID, 72” SID, small FSS, 8:1 grid, 1mm filtration
In brems xray production:
a.) the target electron is from the cathode
b.) the projectile electron is from the cathode
c.) the target eelctron is ionized
d.) the projectile electron is bound to tungsten
b.) the projectile electron is from the cathode
ELectrons in the M shell:
a.) do not exceed 18 in number
b.) never exceed 28 in number
c.) have lower binding energy than those in the N shell
d.) do not exist in an atom of carbon
a.) do not exceed 18 in number
Decreasing patient thickness will:
a.) increase transmission
b.) increase beam attenuation
c.) decrease transmission
d.) increase absorption
a.) increase transmission
Saturation indicates:
a.) quantam mottle
b.) underexposure of the IR
c.) fog
d.) overexposure of the IR
d.) overexposrue of the IR
Increasing tissue thickness will:
a.) increase beam attenuation
b.) decrease absorption
c.) increase transmission
d.) decrease beam attenuation
a.) increase beam attenuation
Velocity is a measure of what?
a.) inertia
b.) acceleration
c.) stamina
d.) speed
d.) speed
In a tungesten atom, a brems interaction will occur when the incident electron
a.) strikes an outer shell electron
b.) interacts with the force field around the nucleus
c.) strikes an inner shell electron
d.) strikes the nucleus
b.) interacts with the force field around the nucleus
When the distance between the xray source and radiographer increases, the effected dose to the radiographer will:
a.) decrease
b.) no change
c.) increase
a.) decrease
Which of the following is the primary controlling factor of quantity?
a.) kvp
b.) mas
b.) mas
Voltage ripple for a three phase six pulse generator is:
a.) 13%
b.) 100%
c.) 3.5 %
d.) 1%
a.) 13 %
An increase in the image size of an object compared with its true, or actual size is called:
a.) shape distortion
b.) sharpness distortion
c.) size distortion
d.) minification
c.) size distortion
How many pixels does a 600 x 600 matrix have?
a.) 3600
b.) 600
c.) 360000
d.) 1200
c.) 360000
Coherent scattering involves
a.) all are correct
b.) an xray photon with low energy
c.) an xray photon with high energy
d.) ionization
b.) an xray photon with low energy
As kvp increases, scatter radiation will
a.) remain unchanged
b.) increase because of more compton interaction
c.) decrease beacuase of less compton interaction
d.) decrease because of less photoelecctric interaction
b.) increase beacuase of less compton interaction
If an atom has the same number of electrons and protons, it will:
a.) become unstable
b.) have a negative charge
c.) have a positive charge
d.) be electrically neutral
d.) be electrically neutral
Which of the following is the required lead or lead equivalent for a secondary barrier in an xray room?
a.) 1/32
b.) 1/16
c.) 1/25
d.) 1/3
a.) 1/32
What combination of factors results in the highest quality xray beam?
a.) 82 kvp, 25 mas, 3.5 mm Al
b.) 96 kvp, 15 mas, 3.5 mm al
c.) 96 kvp, 50 mas, 2.5 mm AL
d.) 82 kvp, 25 mas, 2.5 mm al
b.) 96 kvp, 15 mas, 3.5 mm al
All of the following have an effect on patient dose (choose all that apply)
a.) inherent filtration
b.) millamerage seconds
c.) kilovoltage
d.) focal spot size
a.) inherent filtration
b.) milliamperage seconds
c.) kilovoltage
A battery stored on a shelf is an examply of what?
a.) stable energy
b.) potential energy
c.) kinetic energy
d.) inertia
b.) potential energy
In a tungsten atom, a brems interaction will occur when the incident electron __________
a.) strikes an inner shell electron
b.) interacts with the force field around the nucleus
c.) strikes the nucleus
d.) strikes an outer shell electron
b.) Interacts wiht the force field around the nucleus
A current with a single path for elecctric current flow is defined as:
a.) closed circuit
b.) parallel cirvuit
c.) open circuit
d.) series circuit
d.) series circuit
Exposure rate will decrease with an increase in:
a.) kvp
b.) SID
c.) all are correct
d.) focal spot size
b.) SID
A large anode angle will produce which of the following?
a.) increase in spatial resolution
b.) increase image receptor exposure
c.) a large heel effect
d.) deccreased image receptor exposure
b.) increase image receptor exposure
A lateral lumbar spine image demonstrates adequate receptor exposure and acceptable contrast using a fixed technique. How will these iamge factors change in the same technique is used to acquire a collimated view of the L5-S1 articulation?
a.) decreased receptor exposure
b.) no change in receptor exposure
c.) increased receptor exposure
a.) decreased receptor exposure
Which of the following is not a contributor to xray beam quality?
a.) penetrability
b.) kvp
c.) filtration
d.) mas
d.) mas
How does adding filtration to the xray tube assembly change the characteristics of the xray beam?
a.) increase quantity, decrease quality
b.) decrease quantity, increase quality
c.) increased quality, increased quantity
d.) decreased quantity, decreased quality
b.) decrease quantity, increase quality
A material that has a large number of free electrons is a:
a.) all choices are correct
b.) good insulator
c.) good conductor
d.) poor conductor
c.) good conductor
Once processed the digital image is referred to as a:
a.) resolved image
b.) latent image
c.) manifest image
d.) invisible image
c.) manifest image
