IM-MSK Flashcards
The non-specific antibody marker for SLE?
ANA
The 2 specific antibody marker for SLE
Anti-dsDNA & anti-smith
Chronic malabsorptive diarrhea, wt loss, migratory non-deforming arthritis, lymphadenopathy and a low-grade fever? Dx? and diagnostic test
Whipple disease
PAS- + macrophages (Tropheryma whippeli-gram + bacillus)
dry mouth and eye, lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary glands. Dx? Diagnostic test
- Sjogren syndrome
- SSA (Ro) and SSB (La) antibodies
Morning facial puffiness and bilateral leg swelling. Recurrent pulmonary infection, psoriasis, 4+ proteinuria . Dx? diagnostic test? Tx? Prevention?
Amyloidosis
Abdominal fat pad aspiration biopsy
Colchicine for tx and prevention
Serology finding for systemic sclerosis (4)
- Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
- Anti-topoisomerase I (anti-scl-70)antibody
- Anti-RNA polymerase III
- Anti-centromere antibody
Med risk for tendon rupture (Achilles)
Fluoroquinolone
Associated findings for Anklosing spondylitis (3)
- thoracic wedging
- hyperkyphosis
- Aortic regurgitation
- Groin pain on weight bearing
- Pain on hip abduction and internal rotation
- no erythema, swelling, or point tenderness
Avascular necrosis of the hip
The 2 carpal tunnel syndrome tests
- Phalen
- Tinel tests
The 3 treatments for Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Wrist splinting
- Glucocorticoid injection
- Surgery
What are associated condition with Primary Raynaud’s phenomenon?
No underlying cause
What are associated conditions with Secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon (6)?
- Connective tissue disease (Scleroderma)
- Occlusive vascular conditions (SLE, thromboangiits obliterans)
- Sympathomimetic drugs
- Vibrating tools
- Hyperviscosity syndromes
- Nicotine
Pt with rheumatoid arthritis, came in with Macrocytic anemia, nausea, stomatitis, rash, hepatotoxicity, interstitial lung disease, alopecia and fever
Methotrexate SE
45-54YO. Hx of repetitive or forceful wrist extension, pain in lateral elbow.
Pain with resisted wrist extension or supination
Pain with passive wrist flexion
Lateral epicondylitis
Tx of lateral epichondylitis (5)
- Modiefied activity
- inelastic counterforce brace
- NSAID
- Stretching and progressive resistance exercise
- PT
The two nodes on osteoarthritis hand
- Proximal interphalangeal (Bouchard nodes)
- Distal interphalangeal (Heberden nodes)
common causes of overproduction of uric acid other than gout include (5)
- hematologic malignancies
- Myeloproliferative/lymphoproliferative sidorders
- Tumor lysis syndrome
- Psoriasis
- Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPT) deficinecy
what nodules locations are presented in Rheumatoid
elbows (commonly)
What spinal risk is involved in Rheumatoid?
cervical joint- spine subluxation-spinal cord compression
> 3 months of symptoms with widespread pain index or symptom severity score. Normal laboratory studies
Fibromyalgia
Proximal muscle weakness (difficulty climbing upstairs), pain mild/absent
Polymyositis
diagnostic for Polymyositis (3)
- Elevated muscle enzymes (CK, aldolase, AST)
- Autoantibodies (ANA, anti-Jo-1)
- Biopsy- Endomysial infiltrate, patchy necrosis
50yo, stiffness in pain in shoulders, hip girdle, neck. Associated with giant cell (Temporal)arteritis
Polymyalgia rheumatica
Diagnostic for Polymyalgia rheumatica (2)
- Elevated ESR, C-reactive protein
- Rapid improvement with glucocorticoids
Purulent monoarthritis &/OR
Triad of Tenosynovitis, dermatitis, asymmetric migratory polyarthralgias
Disseminated gonococcal infection
How to diagnose Disseminated gonococcal infection (3)
- Blood culture (maybe neg)
- Synovial fluid analysis: Inflammatory effusion with neutrophil predominance (gram stain & culture or NAAT)
- Culture or NAAT of urethra, cervix, pharynx, rectum
Tx: Disseminated gonococcal infection
- IV ceftriaxone-> switch to oral (Cefixime) when clinically improved
- empiric azithromycin OR doxycycline for concomitant chlamydial infection
- Joint drainage for purulent arthritis
progression of tx for RA includes
- Methotrexate
- add TNF inhibitor with parallel therapy - an addition of Sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine)
- Switch to alternate TNF inhibitor and continue Methotrexate
Extrusion of fluid from knee joint space into semimembranosus/gastrocnemius bursa
Popliteal (Baker) cyst
Joint pain worst in the morning, Morning stiffness >60mins?
RA
Joint pain worst in the evening and morning stiffness <30seconds
OA
Limited range of motion with crepitus and pain
OA
Positive anti-CCP diagnostic test for?
RA
X-ray with soft-tissue swelling, joint space narrowing, and bony erosions
RA
Why is osteoporosis risk for RA(4)?
- increased level of proinflammatory cytokines
- corticosteroid therapy
- lack of activity
- generalized loss of bone mass in RA
Posture-dependent pain-lumbar extension worsens pain and lumbar flexion relieves pain, lower extremity numbness, and tingling, lower-extremity weakness, low back pain
-Normal pulses and frequently normal examination
Neurogenic claudication (pseudoclaudication)
Diagnosis: Neurogenic claudication (pseudoclaudication)
MRI of spine
Common reason for lumbar spinal stenosis
- degenerative arthritis (Spondylosis)
- Degenerative disk disease
- Thickening of the ligamentum flavum
Exertionally dependent pain Pain relieved with rest LE cramping/tightness NO LE weakness Possible buttock, thigh, calf or foot pain
Vascular claudication
-Decreased pulses, cold extremities, decreased hair growth, pallor with leg elevation
Dx: vascular claudication
ABI
New mom holding her baby with thumb stretched causing wrist pain
De Quervain tenosynovitis
De Quervain tenosynovitis:- which two tendons are affected
- Abductor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis brevis
a non-modifiable risk for osteoarthritis (5)
- Advanced age
- Female
- Family Hx
- Abnormal joint alignment
- prior joint trauma
Modifiable OA risks (4)
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Obesity
- Occupational joint loading
- DM
Arthritis (sacroiliitis) Reduced chest expansion & spinal mobility enthesitis Dactylitis Uveitis
Ankylosing spondylitis
3 risk of Ankylosing spondylitis
- Osteoporosis/vertebral fractures
- Aortic regurgitation
- cauda equina
Ddx of anterior knee pain in young patients (3)
- Patellofemoral syndrome
- Patellar tendonitis
- Osgood-Schlatter disease
A young female athlete with subacute to chronic pain that increased with squatting, running, prolonged sitting, using stairs
Patellofemoral syndrome
Patellofemoral syndrome, diagnostic
Patellofemoral compression test
Primary athlete (jumper’s knee), with episodic pain and tenderness at the inferior patella
Patellar tendonitis
Preadolescent/adolescent athletes with a recent growth spurt
with increasing pain with sports, relieved by rest, tenderness and swelling at the tibial tubercle
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome (5)
- working on a computer for long hrs
- Obesity
- DM
- Pregnancy
- Hypothyroidism
Medial knee pain and tenderness
Pes anserinus pain syndrome (PAPS)
Pes ansernus is formed by the conjoint tendons from which 3 muscles
- Gracilis
- Sartorius
- Semitendinosus
low back pain, increased with standing, walking. lying on back, tenderness at the affected level, negative leg raised test
Vertebral compression fracture- risk from Osteoporosis
45% of patient have complicated inflammatory bowel disease by
arthritis (involve axial or peripheral joints)
Skin manifestation of hereditary hemochromatosis
Hyperpigmentation (bronze diabetes)
MSK manifestation of hereditary hemochromatosis (3)
Arthralgia
arthropathy
chondrocalcinosis
GI manifestation of hereditary hemochromatosis (3)
- Elevated hepatic enzymes with hepatomegaly (early)
- Cirrhosis (later)
- Increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
The endocrine manifestation of hereditary hemochromatosis (3)
DM
secondary hypogonadism
hypothyroidism
Cardiac manifestation of hereditary hemochromatosis (2)
restrictive or dilated cardiomyopathy
conduction abnormalities
Infections manifestation of hereditary hemochromatosis
Increased susceptibility to listeria, Vibrio & Yersinia enterocolitica
What are the iron studies that are abnormal in hereditary hemochromatosis (3)
High serum Iron,
Ferritin and transferrin saturation
Rheumatoid arthritis
Low WBC
Large spleen
Often serious and repeated infections
Felty’s syndrome