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Large Animal Medicine > II Exam 2 > Flashcards

II Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Bovine Mycotic Nasal Granuloma: Etiology

A

Rhinosporidia, Helminthosporum

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2
Q

Bovine Mycotic Nasal Granuloma: Signs

A

upper respiratory, inspiratory dyspnea, nasal rubbing

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3
Q

Bovine Mycotic Nasal Granuloma: Dx

A

endoscopy, biopsy, culture

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4
Q

Bovine Mycotic Nasal Granuloma: Tx

A

systemic iodides, sx

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5
Q

T/F: Allergic Rhinitis in cattle is similar to allergies in humans.

A

True

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6
Q

Bovine Sinusitis: Etiology

A

frontal sinus - dehorning

Maxillary sinus - infected teeth/jaw

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7
Q

Bovine Sinusitis: Signs

A

purulent discharge, head at odd angle, bulging bones

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8
Q

Bovine Sinusitis: Tx

A

sx, flush sinsuses, antibiotics

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9
Q

Pharyngeal Trauma: Etiology

A

iatrogenic

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10
Q

Pharyngeal Trauma: Signs

A

inspiratory dyspnea with stertor, extended head and neck, cough, bloat

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11
Q

Pharyngeal Trauma: Tx

A

drainage, flush, abx

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12
Q

Necrotic Laryngitis: Etiology

A

Fusobacterium

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13
Q

Necrotic Laryngitis: Signs

A

accute onset, moist painful cough, severe inspiratory dyspnea w/ stertor, fever, odor on breath

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14
Q

Necrotic Laryngitis: Tx

A

abx - pro pen, oxytetracycline

NSAID

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15
Q

IBR: Signs

A

conjunctivitis, fever, profuse nasal discharge, normal lung sounds, abortion

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16
Q

IBR: Dx

A

FA, serology

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17
Q

Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Etiology

A

paramyxovirus

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18
Q

BRSV: Signs

A

fever, tachypnea, dyspnea, cough, inc. lung sounds, nasolacrimal discharge

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19
Q

BRSV: Dx

A

FA

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20
Q

BRSV: Tx + Control

A

abx, vx

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21
Q

What is the danger of Para Influenza 3?

A

secondary bacterial infection

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22
Q

Bovine Para Influenza 3: Dx

A

FA

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23
Q

Mannheimia: Signs

A

mucopurulent occulonasal discharge, anorexia, fever, dyspnea, expiratory grunt

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24
Q

Mannheimia: Tx

A

long-lasting abx, min exercise

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25
Q

Mannheimia: Control

A

management, vx

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26
Q

What is Histophilu Somni associated with?

A

thrombo-embolic-meningo-encephalitis

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27
Q

Chlamydia: Tx

A

oxytetracycline

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28
Q

Bovine PCV: Normal

A

30-33

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29
Q

Anaplasmosis: Etiology

A

A. marginale

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30
Q

Anaplasmosis: Pathogeneis

A

intravascular hemolysis => anemia

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31
Q

Anaplasmosis: Signs

A

fever, anorexia, anemia, weakness, abortion

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32
Q

T/F: The older the cattle infected w/ Anaplasmosis, the more lethal it is.

A

true

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33
Q

Anaplasmosis: Dx

A

signs, smear, coag tests

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34
Q

Anaplasmosis: Tx

A

abx, blood transfusion

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35
Q

Anaplasmosis: Control

A

vector and fomite control

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36
Q

Babesia: Location

A

SA, Caribean, australia, africa

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37
Q

Babesia: Signs

A

acute fever, anemia, hemoglobinuria, abortion

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38
Q

Babesia: Dx

A

signs, smear

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39
Q

Bovine Leukemia virus: Etiology

A

retrovirus

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40
Q

BLV: Sequelae

A

adult lymphosarcoma, persistent lymphocytosis, non-apparent infection

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41
Q

BLV: Adult Lymphosarcoma - Signs

A

> 3yr old, multicentric enlarged lymph nodes

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42
Q

BLV: Dx

A

sx/necropsy findings, hemogram, biopsy, serology

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43
Q

BLV: Tx

A

none

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44
Q

BLV: Control

A

prevent blood to blood transmission (insects, iatrogentic), test and cull

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45
Q

T/F: Massive water intake may lead to extravascular hemolysis

A

False

leads to intravascular hemolysis

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46
Q

Post-Partum Hemoglobiniuria: Etiology

A

hypophosphatemia

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47
Q

Post-Partum Hemoglobinuria: Signs

A

intravascular hemolysis

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48
Q

Post-partum Hemoglobinuria: Tx

A

blood transfusion, IV->PO phosphate suppliment

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49
Q

Copper Deficiency: Etiology

A

deficient soil/plants, secondary to molydbeum excess

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50
Q

Copper Deficiency: Signs

A

color change, diarrhea, microcytic hypochromic anemia

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51
Q

Valvular Heart Dz: Etiology

A

systemic infection

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52
Q

Valvular Heart Dz: Signs

A

holosystolic/-diastolic murmur, tachycardia

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53
Q

Valvular Heart Dz: Tx

A

abx, supportive

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54
Q

Brisket Dz: Etiology

A

high altitude => hypoxic vasoconstriction

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55
Q

Brisket Dz: Signs

A

rt. heart failure signs

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56
Q

Brisket Dz: Tx

A

return to normal elevation, supportive

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57
Q

Myocarditis: Etiology

A

septicemia

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58
Q

Myocarditis: Signs

A

fever, congestive heart failure

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59
Q

Cardiomyopathy: Etiology

A

congenital, toxin

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60
Q

Cardiomyopathy: Signs

A

cardiac failure, murmur/arrhythmia, sudden death

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61
Q

Pericarditis: Etiology

A

trauma from reticular foreign body

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62
Q

Pericarditis: Signs

A

fever, peripheral edema, pain, expiratory grunt, muffled/splashing heart sounds

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63
Q

Pericarditis: Tx

A

abx, sx (salvage)

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64
Q

What is the most common type of cardiac neoplasia in cattle?

A

lymphocarcoma

65
Q

Atrial Fibrillation: Etiology

A

GI Dz, hypocalcemia sequelae

66
Q

Atrial Fibrillation: Signs

A

asymptomatic, pulse deficit

67
Q

Atrial Fibrillation: Tx

A

may self correct, quinidine

68
Q

Omphalitis: Etiology

A

umbilical infection

69
Q

Omphalitis: Signs

A

enlargement of umbilicus, inflammation

70
Q

Omphalitis: Dx

A

signs, U/S, centesis

71
Q

Omphalitis: Tx

A

abx, sx drainage + removal

72
Q

Actinobacillus: Lay Name

A

wooden tongue

73
Q

Actinobacillus: Signs

A

painful nodular lesions of tongue

74
Q

Actinobacillus: Tx

A

sx debride + flush w/ iodine, iodide PO/IV, tetracycline/tlmicosin

75
Q

Actinomycosis: Lay Name

76
Q

Actinomycosis: Signs

A

hard immovable mass on mandible, poss fistulous tracts

77
Q

Actinomycosis: Tx

A

sx drainage + drain/pack w/ iodine, iodide IV

78
Q

Bluetongue: Signs

A

fever, excess salivation, stiffness, lame, photosensitivity

79
Q

Bluetongue: Dx

80
Q

Bluetongue: Tx

A

supportive, protect from sun

81
Q

Foot and Mouth Dz: Etiology

A

picornovirus

82
Q

Foot and Mouth Dz: Signs

A

vesicles on mouth and feet

83
Q

Foot and Mouth Dz: Dx

84
Q

Vesicular Stomatitis: Etiology

A

vesiculovirus

85
Q

Vesicular Stomatitis: Signs

A

inflammation of tongue and mouth, vesicles w/ clear/yellow serous fluid

86
Q

Vesicular Stomatitis: Dx

A

signs, ELISA

87
Q

Bovine Popular Stomatitis: Etiology

A

parapoxovirus

88
Q

Bovine Popular Stomatitis: Signs

A

prolifertive lesions around the mouth

89
Q

BVDV: Etiology

A

Pestivirus

90
Q

BVDV: Types

A

I - mild and subclinical

II - acute and clinical

91
Q

BVDV: Signs

A

fever, anorexia, adr signs

92
Q

BVDV: Dx

A

serology, skin ELISA (PI)

93
Q

Malignant Catarrhal Fever: Epidemology

A

sheep -> cow transmission only

94
Q

Malignant Catarrhal Fever: Signs

A

high fever, severe panophthalmitis

95
Q

Malignant Catarrhal Fever: Dx

A

signs, iso, FA

96
Q

T/F: Choke in cows is similar to choke in horses

A

True*

*but nasal discharge -> salivation, addition of bloat

97
Q

Indigestion: Types

A

Primary - rumen, reticulum, omasum

Secondary - abomasum, liver, pharynx, systemic dz, fever

98
Q

Frothy Bloat: Etiology

A

legume feed, high concentrate

99
Q

Vagus Indigestion: Definition

A

gross distension of rumen => stasis

100
Q

Vagus Indigestion: Types

A

experimental, natural (rare)

101
Q

Fermentative Indigestion: Tx

A

adjust rations

102
Q

Acute Ruminal Acidsosis: Etiology

A

rapid intra-ruminal fermentaion of carbs

103
Q

Acute Ruminal Acidosis: Pathophysilogy

A

rapid dec. of rumen pH => inc. gram + bac’t => inc. lactic acid production => hypovolemia

104
Q

Acute Ruminal Acidosis: Signs

A

complete anorexia, rumen atony, dehydration, abdominal distension

105
Q

Acute Ruminal Acidosis: Tx

A

alkalinaizing agents, abx, rumen lavage, supportive

106
Q

Chronic Ruminal Acidosis: Etiology

A

feeding finely ground concentrates w/o adequate roughage

107
Q

Chronic Ruminal Acidosis: Signs

A

low milk fat, laminitis, indigestion

108
Q

Enterotoxemia: Etiology

A

Clostridium perfringens A, C, D

109
Q

Enterotoxemia: Signs

A

acute onset, anorexia, no milk, painful distended abdomen

110
Q

Peritonitis: Etiology

A

penetration of GI into abdomen

111
Q

Peritonitis: Signs

A

pain, fever, bloated appearance, adhesions (rectal palp)

112
Q

Abomasal Ulcers: Types

A

large bleeders, small erosions

113
Q

Abomasal Ulcers: Signs

A

anemia, unthrifty, poss. peritonitis

114
Q

Abomasal Ulcers: Tx

A

supportive, abx

115
Q

Abomasal Impaction: Etiology

A

poor quality roughage, hair ball, foreign body

116
Q

Abomasal Impaction: Signs

A

slow bilateral bloat, dec. defication

117
Q

Abomasal Impation: Tx

A

laxatives, sx

118
Q

Coccidiosis: Signs

A

diarrhea w/ fresh blood, straining

119
Q

Coccidiosis: Tx

A

amprolium for 5d

120
Q

Paratuberculosis: Etiology

A

Mycobacterium paratuburculosis

121
Q

Paratuberculosis: Signs

A

chronic protein losing enteropathy (wasting syndrome),

122
Q

Paratuberculosis: Dx

A

ELISA, culture

123
Q

Salmonellosis: Signs

A

fever, dehydration, yellow diarrhea w/ blood, pain

124
Q

Salmonellosis: Tx

A

supportive

125
Q

Winter Dysentery: Etiology

A

Corona Virus

126
Q

Winter Dysentery: Signs

A

sudden onset, watery fetid diarrhea, dec. milk production

127
Q

Winter Dysentery: Tx

A

astringents - tannic acid, copper sulfate

128
Q

Arsenic Toxicosis: Signs

A

hemorrhagic diarrhea, neuro signs

129
Q

What are common causes of neonatal diarrhea?

A

E. coli, salmonellosis, C. perfringens type B/C, Rotavirus, Cryptosproridiosis

130
Q

Bovine Liver Flukes: Types

A

fasciola hepatica, fascioloides magna, dicrocoelium dendriticum

131
Q

Bacillary Hemoglobinuria: Etiology

A

Clostridium hemolyticum type D

132
Q

Black Dz: Etiology

A

Clostridium novyi

133
Q

Liver Abscesses: Etiology

A

Fusobaccterium, Corynebacterium

134
Q

Hypocalcemia: Stages

A

1 - hypersensitivity, excitement, ataxia
2 - sternal recumbancy, hypothermia, bloat, dilated pupils
3 - flaccid paralysis, lateral recumbancy

135
Q

Hypocalcemia: Tx

A

Ca borogluconate IV slowly, or PO

136
Q

DCAB/DCAD: Definition

A

Dietary Cation-Anion Balance/Difference

137
Q

T/F: DCAD should be -10 to -15 after parturition and >40 before

A

False

DCAD should be >40 after parturition and -10 to -15 before

138
Q

Hypophosphotemia: Signs

A

rickets, osteomalacia, stiffness, spontaneous fracture, pica, hemoglobinuria

139
Q

Hypomagnaesemia: Signs

A

hyperexcitability, hyperesthesia, salivation, ataxia

140
Q

Downer Cow: Lifting Methods

A

hip lift, sling, inflatable

141
Q

Lepto: Signs

A

Calves - high fever, anorexia, anemia

Adult - fever agalactia, hemoglobinuria, meningitis, abortion

142
Q

Lepto: Dx

A

serology, histopath

143
Q

Lepto: Tx

A

tetracycline

144
Q

Pyelonephritis: Signs

A

hematuria, painful urination, kidneys painful on palpation

145
Q

Pyelonephritis: Dx

146
Q

Pyelonephritis: Tx

147
Q

T/F: There are no effective treatments for Amyloidosis and Glomerulonephritis

148
Q

Acute Tubular Necrosis: Etiology

A

ischemia, nephrotoxins

149
Q

CSF: Sites for Collection

A

Cesterna magna, Lumbosacral

150
Q

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy: Signs

A

hyperesthesia, ataxia, aggression, wt. loss, salivation, pruritis, hypermetria

151
Q

BSE: Dx

A

IHC, western blot (reportable)

152
Q

Rabies: Dx

A

FA, ID negri bodies, mouse inoculation

153
Q

Listeria: Signs

A

early fever, anorexia, proprioceptive deficits, cranial nerve deficits, circling

154
Q

Listeria: Dx

A

signs, ELISA

155
Q

Listeria: Tx

A

high dose abx -> normal dose abx

156
Q

TEME: Signs

A

peracute, high fever, anorexia, ataxia, proprioceptive deficits, head tilt

157
Q

TEME: Dx

A

signs, CSF cytology

158
Q

TEME: Tx

A

abx, supportive

159
Q

Polioencephalomalacia: Signs

A

anorexia, diarrhea, hyperesthesia, muscle tremors, proprioceptive deficits, blindness

Large Animal Medicine (6 decks)

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